Flebótomos apresentam facilidade de adaptação em áreas de peridomicílios
Associados geralmente a áreas de florestas, alguns insetos apresentam facilidade de adaptação e provável reprodução em áreas de peridomicílio. O alerta foi feito no último encontro do Centro de Estudos do Instituto Maria e Leônidas Deane (ILMD/ Fiocruz Amazônia), durante a palestra “Os flebotomíneos estão se tornando sinantrópicos na Amazônia Central”, ministrada pelo pesquisador e professor do ILMD, Dr. Felipe Arley Pessoa.
Segundo Pessoa, “durante muitos anos os flebótomos, vetores de leishmaniose, foram associados a áreas de floresta ou áreas tipicamente rurais”. Acreditava-se que ao adentrarem as florestas, em contato com os insetos infectados, as pessoas eram contaminadas e posteriormente desenvolveriam sintomas da doença.
Nos últimos anos, pesquisas realizadas no Nordeste e no Suldeste do Brasil, indicam que duas espécies apresentaram bom desenvolvimento no convívio humano. “Esses insetos possuem um índice de abundância muito grande no peridomicílio, mas quando você vai investigar a quantidade de espécies de flebótomos associados com sua abundância, o valor fica muito baixo. Em uma região que encontraríamos entre 25 e 30 espécies de flebotomíneos, apenas duas ou três estavam associadas ao ambiente urbano”, explicou Pessoa.
Apesar de estar sendo pouco acompanhado na Região Amazônica, o pesquisador ressalta que alguns estudos realizados na Comunidade do Rio Pardo, distante aproximadamente 200 quilômetros de Manaus, mostram que o comportamento dos insetos pode estar avançando próximo ao convívio humano. “Aqui na região Amazônica, estamos conseguindo acompanhar em um projeto com flebotomíneos, e observamos que o índice de diversidade e abundância desses insetos em áreas de peridomicílio são muito próximo do que estamos encontrando em floresta”.
FLEBÓTOMOS
Os flebótomos são pequenos insetos, que chegam a medir de 1 a 3 mm de comprimento, e podem ser encontrados ao redor das residências em locais sombreados e com matéria orgânica, como galinheiros, chiqueiros, canis e em lixeiras. As fêmeas precisam ingerir sangue para o desenvolvimento dos ovos e, dessa forma, picam tanto o cão quanto o homem, principalmente durante a estação chuvosa quando invadem as residências.
Ao picar o cão ou o homem, o flebótomo pode transmitir o protozoário chamado Leishmania chagasi, responsável, no Brasil, pela Leishmaniose visceral e tegumentar. Uma vez infectado o cão torna-se reservatório da doença, e pode ser fonte de infecção para outros animais ou mesmo para seres humanos que vivem ao seu redor.
(Foto: Eduardo Gomes)
CENTRO DE ESTUDOS
O Centro de Estudos do ILMD/Fiocruz Amazônia é um núcleo que oportuniza encontros, palestras, seminários e debates sobre diversos temas ligados à pesquisa e ao ensino para a promoção da saúde.
Os eventos ocorrem às sextas-feiras e deles podem participar estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação, pesquisadores, professores e trabalhadores da área da Saúde. A entrada é franca.
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