Estudo investiga possível uso da Ivermectina na eliminação da malária
Pesquisa desenvolvida com o apoio do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), e das Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa dos Estados do Amazonas e Minas Gerais (Fapeam) e (Fapemig) avaliou a susceptibilidade do vetor da malária, Anopheles aquasalis in vitro e também alimentados em voluntários tratados com a ivermectina.
O trabalho foi apresentado no Centro de Estudos do Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD/ Fiocruz Amazônia), na última sexta-feira 7/7. A palestra “Efeitos da ivermectina na biologia de Anopheles aquasalis: implicações no controle e eliminação da malária” foi apresentada pelo pesquisador da Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas (FVS-AM), Vanderson Sampaio.
O estudo “Filling gaps on ivermectin knowledge: effects on the survival and reproduction of Anopheles aquasalis, a Latin American malaria vector”, foi publicado em setembro de 2016, no Malaria Journal. Os achados apontam interessantes características de uma droga com grande potencial para ser utilizada como ferramenta na eliminação da malária na Amazônia e na América Latina.
A ivermectina, conhecida como um endectocida (possui efeitos em parasitos internos e externos), é indicada para o tratamento de oncocercose, escabiose, pediculose, helmintoses, etc. De acordo com Sampaio, “o principal mecanismo de ação da Ivermectina é nos canais de cloro mediados pelo glutamato. A droga se liga nesses lugares, promovendo desequilíbrio eletrolítico e causando paralisia muscular, levando o organismo-alvo à morte”. O pesquisador destaca que se trata de um medicamento disponível no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), que não é exatamente novo, mas que um novo uso foi dado para ele.
A descoberta foi realizada pelos pesquisadores Vanderson de Souza Sampaio, Gustavo Bueno da Silva Rivas, Kevin Kobylinski, Tatiana Pinilla Beltrán, Andre Machado de Siqueira, Marcos Ennes Barreto Paulo, Paulo Pimenta, José Bento Pereira Lima, Rafaela Vieira Bruno, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda, e Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro.
Também foram avaliados o efeito da droga na reprodução, a sobrevida de mosquitos alimentados em Ensaios de Alimentação em Membrana (EAM) e Alimentação Direta (EAD), além de verificar os impactos na atividade locomotora do vetor. Os Pesquisadores apontam que a Ivermectina, uma droga eficaz contra mosquitos, poderia ser adicionada a tais intervenções, pois parece ser eficaz contra mosquitos com hábitos extradomiciliares, algo impossível com as ferramentas de controle vetorial disponíveis atualmente como mosquiteiros impregnados e borrifação intradomiciliar.
ANOPHELES AQUASALIS
O Anopheles aquasalis é um mosquito, hospedeiro e transmissor da malária, encontrado geralmente no litoral, devido a sua preferência por águas com alguma salinidade, preferência esta que deu origem a seu nome.
Sua distribuição é limitada pelo fator salinidade, pois é mais favorável para o desenvolvimento de suas larvas em ambientes com teor elevado de cloreto de sódio, preferindo águas paradas e salobras, como terrenos temporariamente inundados pelas águas do mar.
SOBRE O PALESTRANTE
Vanderson Sampaio é doutor em Medicina Tropical pela Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) e Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular pela Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), especialista em Bioinformática pelo Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC) e graduado em Biologia também pela UFPA.
É biólogo da FVS-AM desde 2006. Atua principalmente nas áreas de Epidemiologia, bioestatística e análise de dados, entomologia, controle vetorial, georreferenciamento, uso de sistemas de informação geográfica e desenvolvimento de softwares e scripts para análise de bancos de dados computacionais.
(Foto: Edmilson Bibiani)
CENTRO DE ESTUDOS
O Centro de Estudos do ILMD/Fiocruz Amazônia é um núcleo que oportuniza encontros, palestras, seminários e debates sobre diversos temas ligados à pesquisa e ao ensino para a promoção da saúde.
Os eventos ocorrem às sextas-feiras e deles podem participar estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação, pesquisadores, professores e trabalhadores da área da Saúde. A entrada é franca.
ILMD/Fiocruz Amazônia, por Eduardo Gomes
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