Ministério elabora diretrizes para saúde ocular na infância
De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), existem aproximadamente 1,4 milhão de crianças com deficiência visual no mundo, sendo que cerca de 90% vivem em países em desenvolvimento ou muito pobres. Com o objetivo de oferecer orientações às equipes multiprofissionais para o cuidado da saúde ocular da criança e identificação dos fatores de risco abrangendo o pré-natal, neonatal, até o final da infância, a Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde (SAS) do Ministério da Saúde (MS), com colaboração da Área Técnica Saúde da Criança e Aleitamento Materno/Dapes/SAS/MS, do Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (CBO), da Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia Pediátrica (SBOP) e da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP) elaboraram as Diretrizes de Atenção à Saúde Ocular na Infância: detecção e intervenção precoce para a prevenção de deficiências visuais.
O trabalho contou com a colaboração de Andrea Araújo Zin, pesquisadora do Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF/Fiocruz), Célia Regina Nakanami, membro da Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia Pediátrica (SBOP), Enia Maluf Amui e Ione Maria Fonseca de Melo do MS, Liana Oliveira Ventura, da Fundação Altino Ventura e Nicole Gianini da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro (SMSRJ). “A visão é um dos mais importantes sentidos no desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo normal da criança, por isso é importante destacar que o cuidado com a saúde visual deve começar no pré-natal, identificando infecções congênitas, como toxoplasmose, herpes, citomegalovírus, sífilis e outros. O desenvolvimento motor e a capacidade de comunicação são prejudicados na criança com deficiência visual porque gestos e condutas sociais são aprendidos pelo feedback visual. O diagnóstico precoce de doenças, um tratamento efetivo e um programa de estimulação visual precoce podem permitir que a criança tenha uma integração maior com seu meio”, explicou Andrea Araújo Zin.
A OMS classifica a deficiência visual em categorias que incluem desde a perda visual leve até a ausência total de visão e baseia-se em valores quantitativos de acuidade visual e/ou do campo visual para definir clinicamente a cegueira e a baixa visão. “Já se sabe que a pessoa com deficiência visual, cegueira ou baixa visão, tem prejuízo da sua função visual mesmo após tratamentos clínicos e/ou cirúrgicos e uso de correção óptica. Além disso, a sua capacidade para realizar atividades e tarefas diárias com a visão funcional, também é comprometida”, esclareceu a pesquisadora.
Andrea Zin enfatiza que a deficiência visual na infância e suas consequências provocam grande impacto quando se calcula o número de anos vividos com cegueira ou baixa visão, com maiores chances de atraso no desenvolvimento físico, neuropsicomotor, educacional, econômico e na qualidade de vida. “Como a visão é uma função neurológica e a criança a desenvolve rapidamente nos primeiros anos de vida, o diagnóstico e intervenção precoces para os casos que possuem tratamento, tais como, catarata, glaucoma, erro refrativo e para os que precisam de habilitação aumentam as chances de a criança aperfeiçoar as habilidades motoras e o desenvolvimento cognitivo. Para que isso seja possível, é preciso um cuidado multidisciplinar com todos os profissionais que acompanham a mulher desde antes do nascimento até os primeiros anos de vida do bebê”, finaliza.
Confira as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde.
Fonte: Agência Fiocruz de Notícias
IFF/Fiocruz, por Juliana Xavier
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