Coleção biológica da Fiocruz Amazônia abriga diversidade de fungos e bactérias da região
Você sabe o que são coleções biológicas? são conjuntos de organismos, organizados para fornecer informações sobre a procedência, coleta e identificação de cada um de seus espécimes. As coleções biológicas podem ser divididas em categorias como: microbiológicas, zoológicas, histopatológicas e coleções de botânica.
De grande relevância para a conservação da biodiversidade e o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas na área da saúde, as coleções microbiológicas são responsáveis por organizar, classificar e documentar amostras, tornando-as disponíveis para o acesso de pesquisadores, empresas privadas, instituições de pesquisa e outras coleções de cultura.
Pensando nisso, em 2001, com apoio da Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), o Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD/ Fiocruz Amazônia), à época Escritório Técnico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) na região, inseriu em sua política institucional as Coleções Biológicas, como eixo agregador de suas pesquisas. Atualmente, o acervo conta com 600 exemplares de bactérias e 1.200 amostras de fungos de grande importância para pesquisas que beneficiam a saúde humana.
(Foto: Érico Xavier)
Na Coleção de Bactérias da Amazônia (CBAM), encontram-se amostras provenientes de doenças diarreicas, infecções hospitalares, entre outras, enquanto que na Coleção de Fungos da Amazônia (CFAM) agrupam-se algumas leveduras provenientes de candidíases, ou seja, infecção fúngica causada por qualquer tipo do fungo Candida, que apresentam-se sob a forma unicelular, invisíveis a olho nu. A doença pode ser provocada por mais de vinte tipos de fungos do género Candida, um tipo de levedura, dos quais a Candida albicans é o mais comum.
Entre os principais tipos de bactérias que podem ser encontrados na coleção estão: Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Staphylococcus aureus e Bacillus cereus. Já os fungos estão representados por diferentes gêneros, como: Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Trichoderma spp, Fusarium spp, leveduras e leveduras negras.
(Foto: Eduardo Gomes)
Segundo a Curadora das Coleções Biológicas e Pesquisadora do Instituto, Ormezinda Fernandes, “projetos de cunho biotecnológico estão sendo desenvolvidos, no intuito de apresentar protótipos de fármacos com potencialidades para atuar no combate de doenças como tuberculose e doenças diarreicas, além de estudos visando a produção de enzimas, corantes, biossulfactantes, antitumorais, antioxidantes e antimicrobianos com aplicabilidade na indústria da saúde”.
O escopo da Coleção é constituído por amostras provenientes do ambiente e de amostras clinicas, são microrganismos de risco biológico 2, ou seja, apresentam risco moderado para o manipulador e fraco para a comunidade e há sempre um tratamento preventivo. “A CFAM é constituída por amostras provenientes dos mais diversos substratos e ambientes, tais como ar, solo, vegetais, água, homem, animais silvestres e domésticos. A CBAM, possui suas linhagens provenientes de amostras clínicas como orofaringe e fezes humanas, e do meio ambiente como água dos rios, igarapés, plantas, solo e microbiota bucal de animais”, destacou Ormezinda Fernandes.
SERVIÇOS
As duas coleções realizam aquisição, depósito, distribuição, preservação de bactérias, fungos filamentosos, leveduras, caracterização de microrganismos, pesquisa e treinamentos. Além disso, a Coleção Biológica do ILMD/ Fiocruz Amazônia realiza cursos sobre sistemática em fungos filamentosos, presta serviço de consultoria, emitindo laudos técnicos, e realizando ainda orientação de teses de mestrado, doutorado e pessoal técnico especializado.
O material biológico é disponibilizado a pesquisadores, alunos de Iniciação Científica (IC), mestrandos, doutorandos, instituições públicas e privadas de pesquisa, indústrias, mediante formulário de solicitação. O primeiro contato deve ser feito através dos e-mails cbam@fiocruz.br e cfam@fiocruz.br, e caso a coleção detenha a amostra solicitada, um formulário será enviado ao requente.
As amostras contam com os seguintes dados de coleta: número de registro, nome da espécie, autor, variedade, observação taxonômica, anamorfo, teleomorfo, número da coleção, data de entrada, doador, data e local de isolamento, identificação segundo o doador, nome antigo, coleções onde está depositada, substrato, hospedeiro, categoria do tipo, sexualidade, modo de preservação, fotos e imagens macro e microscópicas, aplicações e outras informações.
(Foto: Érico Xavier)
CARACTERIZAÇÃO TAXONÔMICA
A CBAM identifica e autentica as culturas bacterianas utilizando testes bioquímicos e por métodos genotípicos. O serviço pode ser oferecido independente da solicitação de depósito, neste caso, as culturas identificadas não são depositadas na coleção. Toda caracterização é realizada mediante o preenchimento de fichas de solicitação e termo de compromisso de utilização da cultura.
CREDENCIAMENTO
As Coleções de fungos e bactérias do ILMD/ Fiocruz Amazônia são filiadas a World Federation for Culture Collection (WFCC), e credenciadas como fieis depositárias pelo Conselho de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético (CGEN) do Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA). Além disso, estão Integradas no Centro de Referência de Informação Ambiental (CRIA), Sistema de Informação de Coleções de Interesse Biotecnológico (SICoL), Sistema de Informação Distribuído para Coleções Biológicas (Rede Species Link) e Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr).
Ormezinda Fernandes, relatou também que pesquisadores do ILMD/ Fiocruz Amazônia, junto ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Inpa), estudam a criação de uma rede estadual de coleções biológicas. “Estamos juntamente com colegas do INPA, tentando criar uma rede de Coleções Biológicas do Amazonas, por entendermos o valor e a importância estratégica de mantermos nossas coleções, visto que são a base para consultas e pesquisas, sendo representativos da biodiversidade e do patrimônio genético do País”, enfatizou.
SOBRE O ILMD
O Instituto produz conhecimento científico, tecnológico e de inovação em saúde, integrados ao conhecimento cultural na Amazônia. Para isso, desenvolve projetos de caráter multidisciplinar e interinstitucional, gerando dados essenciais para a criação de políticas públicas que proporcionam a melhoria da qualidade de vida da sociedade em geral.
Acesse as Coleções Biológicas de Fungos e Bactérias da Fiocruz Amazônia.
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