What Role Did British Colonisation Play On - amazonia.fiocruz.br

What Role Did British Colonisation Play On Video

The historical phenomenon of colonization is one that stretches around the globe and across time. Ancient and medieval colonialism was practiced by the Phoeniciansthe Greeksand the crusadersamong others.

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Colonialism in the modern sense began with the " Age of Discovery ", led by Portugueseand then by the Spanish exploration of the Americasthe coasts of Africa, the Middle East, India and East Asia. The Portuguese and Spanish empires were the first global empires because they were the first to stretch across different continents, covering vast territories around the globe.

Between andthe two empires were both ruled by the Spanish monarchs in personal union. During the Collonisation 16th and 17th centuries, EnglandFrance and the Dutch Republic also established their own overseas empires, in direct competition with each other. The end of the 18th and mid 19th century saw the first era of decolonizationwhen most of the European colonies in the Americas, notably those of Spain, New France and the 13 coloniesgained Oj independence from their metropole. The second industrial revolutionin the 19th century, led to what has been termed the era of New Imperialismwhen the pace of colonization rapidly accelerated, the height of which was the Scramble for Africain which Belgium, Germany and Italy were also participants. There were deadly battle between colonizing states and revolutions from colonized areas shaping areas of control and establishing independent nations. During the 20th century, the colonies of the defeated central powers in World War I were distributed amongst the victors as mandates What Role Did British Colonisation Play On, but it was not until the end of World War II that the second phase of decolonization began in earnest.

Some commentators identify three waves of European colonialism. What Role Did British Colonisation Play On three main countries in the Cklonisation wave of European colonialism were PortugalSpain and the early Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans conquered South Eastern Europethe Middle East and much of Northern and Eastern Africa between and - with the latter territories subjected to colonial occupation, rather than traditional territorial conquest.

The Spanish and Portuguese launched the colonisation of the Americasbasing their territorial claims on the Treaty of Tordesillas of This treaty demarcated the respective spheres of influence of Spain and Portugal.

The expansion achieved by Spain and Portugal caught the attention of Britain, France and the Netherlands. The second wave of European colonialism commenced with Britain's involvement in Asia in support of the British East India Company ; other countries such as France, Portugal and the Netherlands also had involvement in European expansion in Asia.

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The third wave "New Imperialism" consisted of the Scramble for Africa regulated by the terms of the Berlin Conference of — The conference effectively divided Africa among the European powers. Gilmartin argues that these three waves of colonialism were linked to capitalism.

The first wave of European expansion involved exploring the world to find new revenue and perpetuating European feudalism. The second wave focused on developing the mercantile capitalism system and the manufacturing industry in Europe. The last wave of European colonialism solidified all capitalistic endeavours by providing new markets and raw materials.

The Territorial changes of Russia happened by means of military conquest and by ideological and political unions over the centuries. After a period of political instability, to the Romanovs came to power and the expansion-colonization process of the Tsardom continued. While western Europe colonized the New World, Russia expanded overland - to the east, north and south. This continued for centuries; by the end of the 19th century, the Russian Empire reached from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean, and for some time included colonies in What Role Did British Colonisation Play On Alaska and a short-lived unofficial colony in Africa in present-day Djibouti. According to two Russian historians:.

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The first stage to was an expansion eastward from the Urals to the Pacific. The second stage from to looked south to the areas between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The key areas were Armenia and Georgia, with some better penetration of the Ottoman Empire, and Persia. ByRussia controlled all of the Caucasus as shown in the Treaty of Adrianople of The third era, towas a brief interlude jumping to the East Coast, annexing the region from the Amur River to Manchuria. The fourth era, to incorporated Turkestan, and the northern approaches to India, sparking British fears of a threat to India in The Great Game. European colonization of both Eastern and Western Hemispheres has its roots in Portuguese exploration.]