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Cognitive Observation Report: Note: Please complete in a question and answer format. Write the question and give your response. Date and time beginning and ending of observation2. Name, address and phone number of school or child care you observed3. Name of director; email for the director4. Description of child, including age. Example- There were balls and tubes set out on a table. The child went to the table to explore the balls and tubes.

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Observation Of A Child On Human Development

Observational learning is learning that occurs through OOf the behavior of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes. In humans, this form of learning seems to not need reinforcement to occur, but instead, requires a social model such as a parentsiblingfriendor teacher with surroundings. Particularly in childhood, a model is someone of authority or higher status in an environment.

In animals, observational learning is often based on classical conditioningin which an instinctive behavior is elicited by observing the behavior of another e. Many behaviors that a learner observes, remembers, and imitates are actions that models display https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/essay-writing-format-cbse-class-12/distance-education-equity-and-developing-nations.php display modeling, even though the model may not intentionally try to instill a particular behavior.

A child may learn to swear, smack, smoke, and deem other inappropriate behavior acceptable through poor modeling. Albert Bandura claims that children continually learn desirable and undesirable behavior through observational learning. Observational learning suggests that an https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/is-lafayette-a-hidden-ivy/case-9-enron.php environment, cognitionand behavior all incorporate and ultimately determine how the individual O and models.

Through https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/calculus-on-manifolds-amazon/eating-disorders-are-on-the-rise.php learning, individual behaviors can spread across a culture through a process called diffusion chain. This basically occurs when an individual first learns a behavior by observing another individual and that individual serves as a model through whom other individuals learn the behavior, and so on. Culture plays a role in whether observational learning is the dominant learning style in a person or community. Some cultures expect children to actively participate in their communities and are therefore exposed to different trades and roles on a daily basis.

Albert Bandurawho is known for the classic Bobo doll experimentidentified this basic form of learning in The importance of observational learning lies in helping individuals, especially children, acquire new responses by observing others' behavior. Albert Bandura states that people's behavior could be determined by their environment. Observational learning occurs through observing negative and positive behaviors. Bandura believes in reciprocal determinism in source the environment can influence people's behavior and vice versa.

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For instance, the Bobo doll experiment shows that Hu,an model, in a determined environment, affects children's behavior. In this experiment Bandura demonstrates that one group of children placed in an aggressive environment would act the same way, while the control group and the other group of children Humqn in a passive role model environment hardly shows any type of aggression. In communities where children's primary mode of learning is through observation, the children are rarely separated from adult activities. This incorporation into the adult world at an early age allows children to use observational learning skills Observation Of A Child On Human Development multiple spheres of life. This learning through observation requires keen attentive abilities. Culturally, they learn that their participation and contributions are valued in their communities. This teaches children that it is their duty, as members of the community, to observe others' contributions so they gradually become involved and participate further in the community.

The stages of observational learning include exposure to the model, acquiring the model's behaviour and accepting it as one's own. Bandura's social cognitive learning theory states that there are four factors that influence observational learning: [8]. Bandura clearly distinguishes between learning and performance.

Unless motivated, a person does not produce learned behavior. This motivation can come from external reinforcement, such as the experimenter's promise of reward in some of Bandura's studies, or the bribe of a parent. Or it can come from vicarious reinforcement, based on the observation that models are rewarded. High-status models can affect performance through motivation. For example, girls aged 11 to 14 performed better on a motor performance task when they thought it was demonstrated by a high-status cheerleader than by a low-status model.

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According to Bandura's social cognitive learning theory, observational learning can affect behavior in many ways, with both positive and negative consequences. It can teach completely new behaviors, for one. It can also increase or decrease the frequency of behaviors that have previously been learned. Observational learning can even encourage behaviors that were previously forbidden for example, the violent behavior towards the Bobo doll that children imitated in Albert Bandura's study.]