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Nationalism is an idea and move that promotes the interests of a particular nation as in a group of people[1] especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty self-governance over its homeland. Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference self-determinationthat Background Culture Refers To The Shared Values nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity [2] and that the nation is the only rightful source more info political power popular sovereignty. Throughout history, people have had an attachment to their kin group and traditionsterritorial authorities and their homeland, but nationalism did not become a widely recognized concept until the end of the 18th century.

Primordialism perennialism proposes that there have always been nations and that nationalism is a natural phenomenon. Ethnosymbolism explains nationalism as a dynamic, evolutionary phenomenon and stresses the importance of symbols, myths and traditions in the development of nations and nationalism. Modernization theory proposes that nationalism is a recent social phenomenon that needs the socio-economic structures of modern society to exist.

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There are various definitions of a "nation" which leads to different types of nationalism. Ethnic nationalism defines the nation in terms of shared ethnicity, heritage and culture while civic nationalism defines the nation in terms of shared citizenship, values and institutions, and is linked to constitutional patriotism.

The adoption of national identity in terms of historical development has often been a response by influential groups unsatisfied with traditional identities due to mismatch between their defined social order and the experience of that social order by its members, resulting in an anomie that nationalists seek to resolve. In practice, nationalism can be seen as positive or negative depending on context and individual outlook. Nationalism has been an important driver in independence movements such as the Greek Revolutionthe Irish Revolutionthe Zionist movement that created modern Israel and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

The terminological use of "nations", "sovereignty" and associated concepts was significantly refined with the writing by Hugo Grotius of De jure belli ac pacis in the early 17th Background Culture Refers To The Shared Values. Living in the Background Culture Refers To The Shared Values of the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Netherlands and the Thirty Years' War between Catholic and Protestant European nations Catholic France being in the otherwise Protestant campit is not surprising that Grotius was deeply concerned with matters of conflicts between nations in the context of oppositions stemming from religious differences.

The word nation was also usefully applied before in Europe to refer to the inhabitants of a country as well as to collective identities that could include shared history, law, language, political rights, religion and traditions, in a sense more akin to the modern conception.

Nationalism as derived from the noun designating 'nations' is a newer word; in English the term dates fromalthough the concept is older. Glenda Sluga notes that "The twentieth century, a time of profound disillusionment with nationalism, was also Pressure Ulcer A Systemic Comparative Effectiveness Review great age of globalism.

American philosopher and historian Hans Kohn wrote in that nationalism emerged in the 17th century. The consensus is that nationalism as a concept was firmly established by the 19th century. In Britons, Forging the Nation — Yale University Press, Linda Colley explores how the role of nationalism emerged about and developed in Britain reaching full form in the s.

Typically historians of nationalism in Europe begin with the French Revolutionnot only for its impact on French nationalism but even more for its impact on Germans and Italians and on European intellectuals. Due to the Industrial Revolutionthere was an emergence of an integrated, nation-encompassing economy and a national public spherewhere the British people began to identify with the country at large, rather than the smaller units of their province, town or family. The early emergence of a popular patriotic nationalism took place in the midth century, and was actively promoted by the British government and by the writers and intellectuals of the time. The Union Jack was adopted in as the national one. The political convulsions of the late 18th century associated with the American and French revolutions massively augmented the widespread appeal of patriotic nationalism.

The Prussian scholar Johann Gottfried Herder — originated the term in in his "Treatise on the Origin of Language" stressing the role of a common language.

During the 19th century nationalism became one of the most significant political and social forces in history; it is typically listed among the top causes of World War I. Source conquests of the German and Italian states around —06 played a major role in stimulating nationalism and the demands for national unity. Between and nationalism had thus made great strides.

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It had inspired great literature, quickened scholarship and nurtured heroes. It had shown its power both to unify and to divide. It had led to great achievements of political construction and consolidation in Germany and Italy; but it was more clearly than ever a threat to the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, which were essentially multi-national. European culture had been enriched by the new vernacular contributions of little-known or forgotten peoples, but at the same time such unity as it had was imperilled by fragmentation. Nationalism in France gained early expressions in France's revolutionary government. Henceforth, until the enemies have been driven from the territory of the Republic, all https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/calculus-on-manifolds-amazon/characteristics-that-defines-what-or-who-a.php French are in permanent requisition for army service.

The young men shall go to battle; the married men shall forge arms in the hospitals; the children shall turn old linen to lint; Background Culture Refers To The Shared Values old men shall repair to the public places, to stimulate the courage of the warriors and preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings. This nationalism gained pace after the French Revolution came to a close.]