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The Catholic Church , sometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with approximately 1. Peter , is the chief pastor of the church, [9] entrusted with the universal Petrine ministry of unity and correction. The church's administration, the Holy See , is in the Vatican City , a tiny enclave of Rome , of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission , [10] [11] [note 1] that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles , and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter , upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. Of its seven sacraments , the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The Catholic Church operates thousands of Catholic schools , hospitals , and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy , culture , art , music and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions , diaspora , and conversions. Since the 20th century the majority reside in the southern hemisphere , due to secularization in Europe, and increased persecution in the Middle East.

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The Catholic Church in Spain has a long history, starting in the 1st century. Attempts were made from the late 1st century to the late 3rd century to establish the church in the Iberian peninsula. Canons of the Synod of Elvira circa 30 in rome5 AD indicate that the church was greatly isolated from the general population even at that time. The situation of the Christians in Iberia improved with the advent of the Edict of Milan in AD, after which Christians were more or less free to practice their religion openly new religion within the Roman Empire. Over the course of the 4th century, the church built significant footholds particularly around Seville, Cordoba and Toledo. As Rome declined, Germanic tribes invaded most of the lands of the former empire. In the years following Spain was taken over by the Visigoths who had been converted to Arian Christianity around The Visigothic Kingdom established their capital in Toledo , their kingdom reaching its high point during the reign of Leovigild. Visigoth rule led to the expansion of Arianism in Spain.

Syriac Christianity comprises source liturgical traditions. Thomas Evangelical Church of India. In modern English languagethe term "Syriac Christianity" is preferred over the alternative form "Syrian Christianity", that was also commonly used in older literature, as a synonymparticularly during the 19th and the 20th centuries. It is gradually introduced in most of the English speaking world, with some notable exceptions.

Churches of Syriac tradition in India still self-identifyin Indian Englishas "Syrian" Churches, both for sociolinguistic and legal reasons. Modern distinctions between "Syrian" and "Syriac" Christianity are observed in English language as a partially accepted conventionbut such distinctions do not Resposibilitiess in most of the Resposibilities of a Christian Catholic in a languages, nor on the endonymic Men Good A Few level among adherents of Syriac Christianity.

Such reduction was detaching Syriac Christianity" from Western Aramaic Christian traditions, that were enrooted in the very homeland of Christianity, encompassing ancient Aramaic-speaking communities in Judea and Palestinewith Galilea and Samariaand also those in the regions of Nabatea and Palmyrene to the east, [25] and Phoenicia and Syria proper to the north. Since Western Aramaic Christians did not fit into narrow scholarly definition of Syriac Christianity, focused on Eastern Aramaic traditions, [26] various researchers have opted for an additional use of some wider terms, like: Aramaic Christianity[4] [5] or Aramaic Christendom[6] Catbolic designating a religious, cultural and linguistic continuum, encompassing the entire branch of Christianity that stemmed from the first Aramaic-speaking Christian communities, formed in apostolic times, and then continued to develop throughout history, mainly in the Near East and also in several other regions of Asiaincluding India and China.

In English language, term Aramaic Christianity should not be confused with term Aramean Christianitysince first designation is linguistically defined and thus refers to Chrkstian -speaking Christians in general, while second designation is more specific and refers only to Christian Arameans. It soon spread to other Aramaic-speaking Semitic peoples along the Eastern Mediterranean coast and also to the inland parts Resposibioities the Roman Empire and beyond that into the Parthian Empire and the later Sasanian Empire[31] including Mesopotamiawhich was dominated at different times and to varying extents by these empires.

The ruins of the Dura-Europos churchdating from the first half of the 3rd century are concrete evidence of the presence of organized Christian communities in the Aramaic-speaking area, far from Jerusalem and the Mediterranean coast, and there are traditions of the preaching of Christianity in the region as early as the time of the Apostles.

However, "virtually every aspect of Syriac Christianity prior to the fourth century remains obscure, and it is only then that one can feel oneself on firmer ground". Ephrem lived in the Roman Empire, close to the border with the Sasanian Catholiv, to which the other two writers belonged. The bishops who took part in the First Council of Niceathe first of the ecumenical councilsincluded twenty from Syria and one from Persia, outside the Roman Empire. Syriac Christianity is divided on several theological issues, both Christological and Pneumatological.

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Inthe Council of Ephesuswhich continue reading reckoned as the third ecumenical council, condemned Nestorius and Nestorianism. That condemnation was consequently ignored by the East Syriac Church of the Eastwhich had been previously established Resposibilities of a Christian Catholic in a the Sasanian Empire as a distinct Church at the Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon inand which at the Synod of Dadisho in had declared the independence of its head, Cathollic Catholicosin relation to "western" Roman Empire Church authorities. Inthe Council of Chalcedonthe fourth ecumenical council, condemned Monophysitismand also rejected Dyoprosopism. The Patriarchate of Antioch was consequently divided between two communities, pro- Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian.

The Chalcedonians were often labelled as ' Melkites ' Imperialswhile their opponents were labelled Monophysites those who believe in the one rather than two natures of Christ and Jacobites after Jacob Baradaeus. Inthe Council of Constantinoplethe fifth ecumenical council, anathematized Theodore of Mopsuestiaand also condemned several writings Management System Performance Theodoret of Cyrus and Ibas of Edessa see: Three-Chapter Controversy. Presided by Babai the Great d. In the 7th century, further divisions arose, regarding Monoenergism and Monothelitism. The dispute over Monothelitism led to the creation of the ancient Maronite Church[38] that continued to exist as a distinctive denomination Ctholic the Middle Ages. Theological estrangement between East Syriac and West Syriac branches was manifested as a prolonged rivalry, that was particularly intensive between the Church of the East and the Maphrianate of the East Syriac Orthodox Church.

Their theological estrangement continued to persist throughout medieval and early modern period, up to the present day. Inthe Coptic Orthodox Churcha sister-church of the Syriac Orthodox Church, blocked admittance Resposibilities of a Christian Catholic in a the Assyrian Church of the East to the Middle East Council of Churcheswhich has among its members the Chaldean Catholic Church, [39] [40] [41] and demanded that it remove from its liturgy the mention of Diodorus of TarsusTheodore of Mopsuestia and Nestoriuswhom it venerates as "the Greek doctors".

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The liturgies of the East and West Syriacs are quite distinct. Https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/is-lafayette-a-hidden-ivy/persuasive-speech-on-prayer-in-school.php Church of the East interpreted this as heretical. Among the Saint Thomas Christians of Indiathe East Syriac Rite was the one originally used, but those who in the 17th century accepted union with the Syriac Orthodox Church adopted the rite Christisn that church.

A schism in in the Church of the East gave rise to a separate patriarchate, which at first entered into union with the Catholic Church but later formed the nucleus of the present-day Assyrian Church of the East and Ancient Church of the East, Resposibilities of a Christian Catholic in a at the end of the 18th century most followers of the earlier patriarchate chose union with Rome and, with some others, now form the Chaldean Catholic Church. The majority of the Saint Thomas Christians, who initially depended on the Church of the East, maintained union with Rome in spite of discomforts felt at Latinization by their Portuguese rulers and clergy, against which they protested. They now form the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church. A small group, which split from these in the early 19th century, united Resposibiljties the beginning of the 20th century, under the name of Chaldean Syrian Churchwith https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/perception-checking-examples/the-roe-v-wade-court-case.php Assyrian Church of the East.

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Those who in broke with the Catholic Church as dominated by the Portuguese in India and soon chose union with the Syriac Orthodox Church later split into various groups. The first separation was that of the Malabar Independent Syrian Church in A reunion movement led in to the establishment of full communion between some of source Malankara Syrian Orthodox and the Catholic Church. They now form the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church. In the 19th and 20th centuries many Syriac Christians, both East and West, left the Middle East for other lands, creating a substantial diaspora. In modern times, several Churches of Syriac tradition are actively participating in ecumenical dialogue.]