: The Debated Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology
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The Debated Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology - was
Refer to the article on Steps in genetic engineering for more details. This insulin had complications on patients, and also the quantity of supply was minimal and expensive. Insulin produced from genetic engineering removed these limitations. Similarly, enzymes, vaccines, hormones, and other biological requirements can be supplied in large quantities. There are many uses of rDNA technology in medicine, industry, agriculture, food, baking, etc. The Debated Applications of Recombinant DNA TechnologyThe Debated Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology Video
Recombinant DNA Technology
Advances in molecular biology have led to the creation of entirely Appliations fields of science. Among these are fields that study aspects of whole genomes, collectively referred to as whole-genome methods. The study and comparison of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes and their nucleotide sequence and organization, is called genomics.
Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics
This field has great potential for future medical advances through the study of the human genome as well as the genomes of infectious organisms. Analysis of microbial genomes has contributed to the development of new antibiotics, diagnostic tools, vaccines, medical treatments, and environmental cleanup techniques.
The field of transcriptomics is the science of the entire collection of mRNA molecules produced by cells. Scientists compare gene expression patterns between infected and uninfected host cells, gaining important information about the cellular responses to infectious disease.
Additionally, transcriptomics can be used to monitor the gene expression of virulence factors in microorganisms, aiding scientists in better understanding pathogenic processes from this viewpoint. When genomics and transcriptomics are applied to entire microbial communities, we use the terms metagenomics source metatranscriptomics, respectively.
Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics allow researchers to study genes and gene expression from a collection of multiple species, many of which may not be easily cultured or cultured at all in the laboratory.
A DNA microarray discussed in the previous section can be used in metagenomics studies. Genomic responses to drugs can be studied using experimental animals such as laboratory rats or mice or live cells in the laboratory before embarking on studies with humans.
Applications of Recombinant DNA technology
Changes in gene expression in the presence of a drug can sometimes be an early indicator of the potential for toxic effects. The study of proteomics is an extension of genomics that allows scientists to study the entire complement of proteins in an organism, called the proteome. Even though all cells of a multicellular organism have the same set of genes, cells in various tissues produce different sets of proteins. Thus, the genome is constant, but the proteome varies and is dynamic within an organism.
Recombinant DNA Technology and Pharmaceutical Production
Proteomics may be used to study which proteins are expressed under various conditions within a single cell type or to compare protein expression patterns between different organisms. The most prominent disease being studied with proteomic approaches is Recombiannt, but this area of study is also being applied to infectious diseases.
Research is currently underway to examine the feasibility of using proteomic approaches to diagnose various types of hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV infection, which are rather difficult to diagnose using currently available techniques.]
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