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The American Federation of Labor AFL was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus, Ohioin December by A and F alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labora national labor union. Samuel Gompers of the Cigar Makers' International Union was elected president at its founding convention and reelected every year, except one, until please click for source death in The AFL was the largest union grouping in the United States for the first half of the 20th century, even after the creation A and F the Congress of Industrial Organizations CIO by unions adn were expelled by the AFL in over its opposition to industrial unionism.

The Federation was founded and dominated by craft unions throughout its first fifty years, after which many craft union affiliates turned to organizing on an industrial union basis to meet the challenge from the Congress of Industrial Organizations CIO in the s. The organization emerged from a dispute with the Knights of Labor K of L organization, in which the leadership of that organization solicited locals of various craft unions to withdraw from their International organizations and to affiliate with the K of L directly, an action which would have taken funds from the various unions and enriched anr K of L's coffers.

The Cigar Makers' International Union refused to accept the cut and 6, of its members in 19 factories were locked out by the owners. A strike lasting four weeks ensued.

The committee of investigation was controlled by individuals friendly to the New York District Assembly, however, and the latter was exonerated. A and F of the Carpenters, addressed to all national trade unions and calling for their attendance of a conference anx Philadelphia on May Forty-three invitations were mailed, which drew the attendance of 20 delegates and letters of approval from 12 other unions.

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For its part, the Knights of Labor considered the demand for the parcelling of the labor movement into narrow craft-based fiefdoms to be anathema, a violation of the principle of solidarity of all workers across craft lines. Powderly refusing to enter into serious discussions on the matter.

Convinced that no accommodation with the leadership of the Knights of Labor was possible, the heads of the five labor organizations which issued the call for the April conference issued a new call for a convention to A and F held December 8,in Columbus, A and Fin order to construct "an American federation of alliance of all national and international trade unions. Revenue for the new organization was to be raised on the basis of a "per-capita tax" of its member organizations, set at the rate of one-half cent per member per month i. Although the founding convention of the AFL had authorized the establishment of a publication for the new organization, Gompers made use of the click the following article labor press to generate support for the position of the craft unions against the Knights of Labor. Powerful opinion-makers of the American labor movement such as the Philadelphia Tocsin, Haverhill Labor, the Brooklyn Labor Press, and the Denver Labor Enquirer granted Gompers space in their pages, in which he made the case for the unions against the attacks of employers, "all too often aided by the K of L.

Headway was made in the form of endorsement by various local labor bodies.]