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The history of the spread of Islam spans about 1, years. Muslim conquests following Muhammad 's death led to the creation of the caliphatesoccupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by missionary activitiesparticularly those of imamswho intermingled with local populations to propagate the religious teachings.

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Trade played an important role in the spread of Islam in several parts of the world, especially Indian traders in southeast Asia. Muslim dynasties were soon established and subsequent empires such as those of the UmayyadsAbbasidsFatimidsMamluksSeljukidsand the Ayyubids were among some of the largest and most powerful in the world. The people of the Islamic world created numerous sophisticated centers of culture and science please click for source far-reaching mercantile networks, travelers, scientists, iRse, mathematicians, physicians, and philosophersall contributing to the Islamic Golden Age. As ofthere were 1. Within the century of the establishment of Islam upon the Arabian Peninsula Thf the subsequent rapid The Rise Of Islam And Its Subsequent during the early Muslim conquestsone of the most significant empires in world history was formed.

The objective of the conquests was mostly of a practical nature, as fertile land and water were scarce in the Arabian Peninsula. A real Islamization therefore only came about in the subsequent centuries. Ira M. Lapidus distinguishes between two separate strands of converts of the time: animists and polytheists of tribal societies of the Arabian Peninsula and the Fertile Crescent and the native Christians and Jews who existed peacefully before Muslim invaders arrived.

The empire spread from the Atlantic Ocean to the Aral Seafrom the Atlas Mountains to the Hindu Kushbounded mostly by "a combination of natural barriers and well-organized states".

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For the polytheistic and pagan societies, apart from the religious and spiritual reasons each individual may have had, conversion to Islam "represented the response of a tribal, pastoral population to the need for a larger framework for political and economic integration, a more stable state, and a more imaginative and encompassing moral vision to cope with the problems of a tumultuous society. At the outset, they were hostile to conversions because new Muslims diluted the economic and status advantages of Subsequrnt Arabs.

Only in subsequent centuries, with the development of the religious doctrine of Islam and with that the understanding of the Muslim ummahdid mass conversion take place. The new understanding by the religious and political leadership in many cases led to a weakening or breakdown of the social and religious structures of parallel religious communities such as Christians and Jews. The caliphs of the Arab dynasty established the first schools inside the empire which taught Arabic language and Islamic studies. They furthermore began the ambitious project of building mosques across the empire, many of which remain today as the most magnificent mosques in the Islamic world, such as the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.

Only on the Arabian Peninsula was the proportion of Muslims among the population higher than this.

The Abbasid era replaced the expanding empire and "tribal politics" of this web page tight-knit Syro-Arabian elite [18] with cosmopolitan culture and disciplines of Islamic science[18] philosophytheologyThe Rise Of Islam And Its Subsequent and mysticism became more widespread and the gradual conversions of the populations within the empire occurred.

Significant conversions also occurred beyond the extents of the empire such as that of the Turkic tribes in Central Asia and peoples living in regions south of the Sahara in Africa through contact with Muslim traders active in the area and Sufi orders. In Africa it spread along three routes, across the Sahara via trading towns such as Timbuktuup the Nile Valley through the Sudan up to Uganda and across the Red Sea and down East Africa through settlements such as Mombasa and Zanzibar. These initial conversions were of a flexible nature. The reasons why, click the end of the 10th century, a large part of the population had converted to Islam are diverse. According to British-Lebanese historian Albert Houranione of the reasons may be that.

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Muslims now lived within an elaborated system of ritual, doctrine and law clearly different from those of non-Muslims. The status of Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians was more precisely defined, and in some https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/media-request-css/return-on-investment-cooper.php it was inferior. They were regarded as the 'People of the Book', those who possessed a revealed scripture, or 'People of the Covenant', with whom compacts of protection had been made. In general, they were not forced to convert, Subsequeng they suffered from restrictions.]