The Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics - amazonia.fiocruz.br

The Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics - that would

The Hippocratic Oath is an oath of ethics historically taken by physicians. It is one of the most widely known of Greek medical texts. In its original form, it requires a new physician to swear, by a number of healing gods , to uphold specific ethical standards. The oath is the earliest expression of medical ethics in the Western world, establishing several principles of medical ethics which remain of paramount significance today. These include the principles of medical confidentiality and non-maleficence. As the seminal articulation of certain principles that continue to guide and inform medical practice, the ancient text is of more than historic and symbolic value. Swearing a modified form of the oath remains a rite of passage for medical graduates in many countries, and is a requirement enshrined in legal statutes of various jurisdictions, such that violations of the oath may carry criminal or other liability beyond the oath's symbolic nature. The original oath was written in Ionic Greek , between the fifth and third centuries BC. The oldest partial fragments of the oath date to circa AD The Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics.

The Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics - know nothing

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Medical ethics is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research. Medical ethics is based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any confusion or conflict. These values include the respect for autonomynon-maleficence, beneficenceand justice. There are several codes of conduct. The Hippocratic Oath discusses basic principles for medical professionals. Other important markings in the history of medical ethics include Roe v. Wade in and the development of hemodialysis in the s.

More recently, new techniques for gene editing aiming at treating, Hipoocratic and curing diseases utilizing gene editing, are raising important moral questions about their applications in medicine and treatments as well as societal impacts on future generations. As this field continues to develop and change throughout history, the focus remains on fair, balanced, and moral thinking across all cultural and religious backgrounds around the world. The Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics ethics encompasses beneficence, autonomy, and justice as they relate to conflicts such as euthanasia, patient confidentiality, informed consent, and conflicts of interest in healthcare. This leads to an increasing need for culturally sensitive physicians and ethical committees in hospitals and other healthcare settings.

The term medical ethics first dates back towhen English author and physician Thomas Percival published a document describing the requirements and expectations of medical professionals within medical facilities.

The Code of Ethics was then adapted inrelying heavily on Percival's words. Historically, Western medical ethics may be traced to guidelines on the duty of physicians in antiquity, such as the The Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics Oathand early Christian teachings. The first code of medical ethics, Formula Comitis Archiatrorumwas published in the 5th century, during the reign of the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

In the medieval and early modern period, the field is indebted to Islamic scholarship such as Ishaq ibn Ali al-Ruhawi who wrote the Conduct of a Physicianthe first book dedicated to medical ethicsAvicenna 's Canon of Medicine and Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi known as Rhazes in the WestJewish thinkers such as MaimonidesRoman Catholic scholastic thinkers such as Thomas Aquinasand the case-oriented analysis casuistry of Catholic moral theology.

These intellectual traditions continue in CatholicIslamic and Jewish medical ethics. By the 18th and 19th centuries, medical ethics emerged as a more self-conscious discourse. In England, Thomas Percivala physician and author, crafted the first modern code of medical ethics. He drew up a pamphlet The Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics the code in and wrote an expanded version inin which Ahd coined the expressions "medical ethics" and "medical jurisprudence". Jeffrey Berlant is one such critic who considers Percival's codes of physician consultations as being an early example of the anti-competitive, "guild"-like nature of the physician community. It introduced compulsory apprenticeship and formal qualifications for the apothecaries of the day under the license of the Society of Apothecaries.

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This was the beginning of regulation of the medical profession in the UK. Inthe American Medical Association adopted its first code of ethicswith this being based in large part upon Percival's work. In the s and s, building upon liberal theory and procedural justicemuch of the discourse of medical ethics went through a dramatic shift and largely reconfigured itself into bioethics. Since the s, the growing influence of ethics in contemporary medicine can be seen in the increasing use of Institutional Review Boards to evaluate experiments on human subjects, the establishment of The Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics ethics committees, the expansion of the role of clinician ethicists, and the integration of ethics into many medical school curricula.

A common framework used in the analysis of medical ethics is the "four principles" approach postulated by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in their textbook Principles of biomedical ethics. It recognizes four basic moral principles, which are to be judged and weighed against each other, with attention given to the scope of their application.

The four principles are: [21]. The principle of autonomybroken down into "autos" self and "nomos ruleviews the rights of an individual to self-determination.]