The Theories Of A Communicable Disease - are
The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases. It states that microorganisms known as pathogens or "germs" can lead to disease. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, other animals, and other living hosts. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a potential host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen. Basic forms of germ theory were proposed in the late Middle Ages by physicians including Ibn Sina in , [2] Ibn Khatima and Ibn al-Khatib in the 14th century, [3] Girolamo Fracastoro in , and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in However, such views were held in disdain in Europe, where Galen's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors. By the early 19th century, smallpox vaccination was commonplace in Europe, though doctors were unaware of how it worked or how to extend the principle to other diseases. Similar treatments had been prevalent in India from just before ADWhat excellent: The Theories Of A Communicable Disease
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| Government Welfare Should Be Abolished | 4 hours ago · the parasite stress theory of values and sociality infectious disease history and human values worldwide Dec 11, Posted By Enid Blyton Media TEXT ID a Online PDF Ebook Epub Library ebook written by randy thornhill corey l fincher read this book using google play books app on your pc android ios devices download for offline reading highlight. 5 days ago · Tamil Nadu Class 12th Nursing Theory & Practical (Vocational) Chapter 2 Communicable Diseases New Textbook Tamil Nadu Class 12 Nursing Theory & Practical (Vocational) Chapter 2 Communicable Diseases is an important subject which needs a clear understanding of the concepts as well as of the other subjects related to it. 7 hours ago · Additionally, his work supported the germ theory of disease, which argued disease could be transmitted through contaminated items, including water contaminated with fecal matter. Snow’s work illustrated what is referred to today as a common source spread of infectious disease, in which there is a single source for all of the individuals infected. |
The Theories Of A Communicable Disease Video
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES - What? Why? How?Epidemiology has its roots in the Thsories of physicians who looked for patterns in disease Theorles as a way to understand how to prevent it. The idea that disease could be transmitted was an important precursor to making sense of some of the patterns. InGirolamo Fracastoro first proposed the germ theory of disease in his essay De Contagione et Contagiosis Morbisbut this theory remained in competition with other theories, such as the miasma hypothesis, for many years. Uncertainty about the cause of disease was not an absolute barrier to obtaining useful knowledge from patterns of disease. Some important researchers, such of Lam Ang Life Florence Nightingale, subscribed to the miasma hypothesis.
The transition to acceptance of the germ theory during the 19th century provided a solid mechanistic grounding to the study of disease patterns. Based on observations he had made during an earlier cholera outbreak —Snow proposed that cholera was spread through The Theories Of A Communicable Disease fecal-oral route of transmission and that a microbe was the infectious agent. He investigated the cholera epidemic in two ways. First, suspecting that contaminated water was the source of the epidemic, Snow identified the source of water for those infected. He found a high frequency https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/media-request-css/summary-of-broken-promises.php cholera cases among individuals who obtained their water from the River Thames downstream from London.
This water contained the refuse and sewage from London and settlements upstream.
He also noted that brewery workers did not contract cholera and on investigation found the owners provided the workers with beer to drink and stated that they likely did not drink water. His work further shed light on unsanitary sewage practices and the effects of waste dumping in the Thames. Additionally, his work supported the germ theory of disease, which argued disease could be transmitted through contaminated The Theories Of A Communicable Disease, including water contaminated with fecal matter.
In this case, the single source was the contaminated well below the Broad Street pump. Types of common source Diseasf include point source spread, continuous common source spread, and intermittent common source spread. In point source spread of infectious disease, the common source operates for a short time period—less than the incubation period of the pathogen.
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An example of point source spread is a single contaminated potato salad at a group picnic. In continuous common source spread, the infection occurs for an extended period of time, longer than the incubation period. An example of continuous common source spread would be the source of London water taken downstream of the city, which was continuously contaminated with sewage from upstream. Finally, with intermittent common source spread, infections occur for a period, stop, and then begin Theorues. This might be seen in infections from a well that was contaminated only after large rainfalls and that cleared itself of contamination after a short period.
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In contrast to common source spread, propagated spread occurs through direct or indirect person-to-person contact. With propagated spread, there is no single source for infection; each infected individual becomes a source for one or more subsequent infections.
With propagated spread, unless the spread is stopped immediately, infections occur for longer than the incubation period. In addition, because of person-to-person transmission, propagated spread cannot be easily stopped at a single source like point source spread. InNightingale was part of a contingent of nurses dispatched by the British military to care for Communcable soldiers during the Crimean War.
Nightingale kept meticulous records regarding the causes of illness and death during the war. Her recordkeeping was a fundamental task of what would later become the science of epidemiology.
Her analysis of the data she collected was published in This graphical presentation of data, unusual at the time, powerfully illustrated that the vast majority of casualties during the war occurred not due to wounds sustained in action but to what Nightingale deemed preventable infectious diseases. Often these diseases occurred because of poor sanitation and lack of access to hospital facilities. Joseph Lister provided early epidemiological evidence leading to good public health practices in clinics and hospitals.]
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