The Problem Of Genetically Modified Organisms Gmo - amazonia.fiocruz.br

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Genetically modified bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. The first example of Geneticaply occurred in when Herbert Boyerworking at a University of California laboratory, took a version of the human insulin gene and inserted into the bacterium Escherichia coli to produce synthetic "human" insulin.

Four years later, it was approved by the U. Food and Drug Administration. Bacteria were the first organisms to be genetically modified in the laboratory, due to the relative ease of modifying their chromosomes. Genes and other genetic information from a wide range of organisms can be added to a plasmid and inserted into bacteria for storage and modification. Once a gene is isolated it can be stored inside the bacteria, providing an unlimited supply for research.

Their ease of use has made them great tools for scientists looking to study gene function and evolution. Most DNA manipulation takes place within bacterial plasmids before being transferred to another host. Bacteria are the simplest model organism and most of our early understanding of molecular biology comes from studying Organismss coli.

Researchers have combined the genes from bacteria and archaealeading to insights on how these two diverged in the past. Bacteria have been used in the production of food for a very long time, and specific strains have been developed and selected for that work on an industrial scale.

They can be used to produce enzymesamino acidsflavouringsand other compounds used in food production. With the advent of genetic engineering, new genetic changes can easily be introduced into these bacteria.

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Most food-producing bacteria are lactic acid bacteriaand this is where the majority of research into genetically engineering food-producing bacteria has gone. The bacteria can be modified to operate more efficiently, reduce toxic byproduct production, increase output, create improved compounds, and remove unnecessary pathways. Chymosin is an enzyme found in a calf's stomach. This helps the calf break down the milk Gm digest. Chymosin is necessary in order to make cheese. It turns the milk into cheese.]