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Discussions of race and intelligencespecifically claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines, have appeared in both popular science and academic research since the modern concept of race was first introduced. With the inception of IQ testing in the early 20th century, differences in average test performance between racial groups were observed, though these Edkcation have read more and in some cases steadily decreased over time. Further complicating the issue, modern The Diversity Of Physical Education regards race as a social construct rather than a biological reality, and intelligence has no agreed-upon definition. The validity of IQ testing as a metric for human intelligence is itself disputed.

Today, the scientific consensus is that genetics does not explain differences in IQ test performance between racial https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/media-request-css/benefits-of-implementing-a-performance-management-system.php, and that observed Divesrity are therefore environmental in origin.

Claims of inherent differences in intelligence between races have played a central role in the history of scientific racism. In the s, groups of eugenics lobbyists argued that these results demonstrated that African-Americans and certain immigrant groups were of inferior intellect to Anglo-Saxon white peopleand that this was due to innate biological differences.

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In turn, they used such beliefs to justify policies of racial segregation. However, soon other studies appeared, contesting these conclusions and arguing instead that the Army tests had not adequately controlled for environmental factors, such as socio-economic and educational inequality between black people and white people.

Later observations of phenomena such as the Flynn effect and disparities in access to prenatal care also highlighted ways in which environmental factors affect group IQ differences. In recent decades, as understanding of human genetics has advanced, claims of inherent differences in intelligence between races have been broadly rejected by scientists on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Claims of differences in intelligence between races have been used to justify colonialismslaveryracismsocial Darwinismand racial eugenics.

Racial thinkers such as Arthur de Gobineau relied crucially on the assumption that black people were innately inferior to white people in developing their ideologies of white Educztion. Even Enlightenment thinkers such as Thomas Jeffersona slave owner, believed black people to be innately inferior to white people in physique and intellect. Du Boisand the poet Paul Laurence Dunbar stood as high-profile counterexamples to widespread stereotypes of black intellectual inferiority.

The first practical intelligence test was developed between and by Alfred Binet in France for school placement of children.]