No One Left Behind Hiv Aids - amazonia.fiocruz.br

No One Left Behind Hiv Aids Video

HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex including anal and oral sexcontaminated blood transfusionshypodermic needlesand from mother to child during pregnancydelivery, or breastfeeding.

HIV made the jump from other primates to humans in west-central Africa in the early-to-mid 20th century. Owing to their nonspecific character, these symptoms are not often recognized as signs of HIV infection. Even cases that do get seen by a family doctor or a hospital are often misdiagnosed as one of the many common infectious diseases with overlapping symptoms. Thus, it is recommended that HIV be considered in people presenting with an unexplained fever who may have risk factors for the infection.

They represent approximately 1 in infected persons. Opportunistic infections may be caused by No One Left Behind Hiv Aidsvirusesfungiand parasites that are normally controlled by the immune system. People with AIDS have an increased risk of developing various viral-induced cancers, including Kaposi's sarcomaBurkitt's lymphomaprimary central nervous system lymphomaand cervical cancer. Additionally, people with AIDS frequently have systemic symptoms such as prolonged fevers, sweats particularly at nightswollen lymph nodes, chills, weakness, and unintended weight loss. HIV is spread by three main routes: sexual contactsignificant exposure to infected body fluids or tissues, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding known as vertical transmission.

The most frequent mode of transmission of HIV is through sexual contact with an go here person. Globally, the most common mode of HIV transmission is via sexual contacts between people of the opposite sex ; [13] however, the pattern of transmission varies among countries.

With regard to unprotected heterosexual contacts, estimates of the risk of HIV transmission per sexual act appear to be four to ten times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries. Risk of transmission increases in the presence of many sexually transmitted infections [63] and genital ulcers. The viral load of an infected person is an important risk factor in both sexual and Onw transmission.

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Commercial sex workers including those in pornography have an increased likelihood of contracting HIV. The second-most frequent mode of HIV transmission is via blood and blood products. The risk from sharing a needle during drug injection is between 0. People giving or receiving tattoospiercingsand scarification are theoretically at risk of infection but no confirmed cases have been documented. HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, during delivery, or through breast milk, resulting in the baby also contracting HIV. Antiretrovirals when taken by either the mother or the baby decrease the risk of transmission in those who do breastfeed.

HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus[86] part No One Left Behind Hiv Aids the family Retroviridae.

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Many species of mammals are infected by lentiviruses, which are characteristically responsible for long-duration illnesses with a long incubation period. Upon entry into the target cell, the viral RNA genome is converted reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA by a virally encoded reverse transcriptase that is transported along with the viral genome in the virus particle.

The resulting viral DNA is then imported into the cell nucleus and integrated into the cellular DNA by a virally encoded integrase and host co-factors. It is more virulentmore infective[96] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. After the virus enters the body there is a period of rapid viral replicationleading to an abundance of virus in the peripheral blood.

During primary infection, the level of HIV may reach several million virus particles per milliliter of blood. This weakens the immune system and allows opportunistic No One Left Behind Hiv Aids. T cells are essential to the immune response and without them, the body cannot fight infections or kill cancerous cells. Most people infected with HIV develop specific antibodies i. Since the WHO's staging system does not require laboratory tests, it is suited to the resource-restricted conditions encountered in developing countries, where it can also be used to help guide clinical management. Despite their differences, the two systems allow comparison for statistical purposes. Programs encouraging sexual abstinence do not appear to affect subsequent HIV risk.

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Universal precautions within the health care environment are believed to be effective in decreasing the risk of HIV. PEP treatment is recommended after a sexual assault when the perpetrator is known to be HIV-positive, but is controversial when their HIV status is unknown. There is currently no Lect, nor an effective HIV vaccine. Treatment consists of highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART which slows progression of the disease. As of March [update]two persons have been successfully cleared of HIV.]