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From the best-selling author of The Elegant Universe and The Fabric of the Cosmos comes his most expansive and accessible book to date--a book that takes on the grandest question: Is ours the only universe? There was a time when "universe" meant all there is. Yet, in recent years discoveries in physics and cosmology have led a number of scientists to conclude that our universe may be one among many. Or, perhaps strangest of all, a multiverse made purely of math. Greene, one of our foremost physicists and science writers, takes us on a captivating exploration of these parallel worlds and reveals how much of reality's true nature may be deeply hidden within them. And, with his unrivaled ability to make the most challenging of material accessible and entertaining, Greene tackles the core question: How can fundamental science progress if great swaths of reality lie beyond our reach? Sparked by Greene's trademark wit and precision, The Hidden Reality is at once a far-reaching survey of cutting-edge physics and a remarkable journey to the very edge of reality--a journey grounded firmly in science and limited only by our imagination. From the Hardcover edition. Order this Item.

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How Large is the Universe? Bigger than you can Imagine? Perhaps infinite there lies a vast cosmos

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CCJS 461 Project 1	1 day ago · From the best-selling author of The Elegant Universe and The Fabric of the Cosmos comes his most expansive and accessible book to date--a book that takes on the grandest question: Is ours the only universe? There was a time when "universe" meant all there is. Everything. Yet, in recent years discoveries in physics and cosmology have led a number of scientists to conclude that our universe . Daniel Boffey looks at why the EU’s vaccination programme has become so chaotic after the commission attempted an ill-fated plan to seek to erect a vaccine border on the island of Ireland. A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing—no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole.. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon.

A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing—no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light —can escape from it. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon.

Although the event horizon has an enormous effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, according to general relativity it has no locally detectable features. This temperature is on the order of billionths of a kelvin for black holes ibfinite stellar massmaking it essentially impossible to observe directly. Objects whose gravitational fields are too strong for light to escape were first considered in the 18th century by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Black holes were long considered a mathematical curiosity; it was not until the s that theoretical work showed they were a generic prediction of general relativity.

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The discovery of neutron stars by Jocelyn Bell Burnell in sparked interest in gravitationally collapsed compact objects as a possible astrophysical reality. Black holes of stellar mass are expected to form when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle.

After a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings. There is consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centers of most galaxies.

The presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. Matter that falls onto a black hole can form an external accretion disk heated by friction, forming quasarssome of the brightest objects in the universe. Stars passing too close to a supermassive black hole can be shred into streamers that shine very brightly before being "swallowed.

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Such observations can be used to exclude possible alternatives such as neutron stars. On 11 Februarythe LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo collaboration announced the first direct detection of gravitational waveswhich also represented the first observation of a black hole merger. The idea of a body so massive that even light could not escape was briefly proposed by astronomical pioneer and English clergyman John Michell in a letter published in November Michell's simplistic calculations assumed such a body might have the same density as the Perhaps infinite there lies a vast cosmos, and concluded that such a body would form when a star's diameter exceeds the Sun's by a factor ofand the surface escape velocity exceeds the usual speed of light. Michell correctly noted that such supermassive but non-radiating bodies might be detectable through their gravitational effects on nearby visible bodies.

If light were a wave rather than a " corpuscle ", it is unclear what, if any, influence gravity would have on escaping light waves. InAlbert Einstein developed his theory of general relativityhaving earlier shown that gravity does influence light's motion. https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/media-request-css/case-study-javita-coffee-company.php

Only a few months later, Karl Schwarzschild found a solution to the Einstein field equationswhich describes the The Of The Construction field of a point mass and a spherical mass.

The nature of this surface was not quite understood at the time. Firstly, the force of gravitation would be so great that light would be unable to escape from it, the rays falling back to the star like a stone to the earth. Secondly, the red shift of the spectral lines would be so great that the spectrum would be shifted out of existence. Thirdly, the mass would produce so much curvature of the space-time metric that space would close up around the star, leaving us outside i. InSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated, using special relativity, that a non-rotating body of electron-degenerate matter above a certain limiting mass now called the Chandrasekhar limit at 1. But inRobert Oppenheimer and others predicted that neutron stars above another limit the Tolman—Oppenheimer—Volkoff limit would collapse further for the reasons presented by Chandrasekhar, and concluded that no law of physics was likely to intervene and stop at least some Perhaps infinite there lies a vast cosmos from collapsing to black holes.

Oppenheimer and his co-authors interpreted the singularity at the boundary of the Schwarzschild radius as indicating that this was the boundary of a bubble in which time stopped. This is a valid point of view for external observers, but not for infalling observers.]