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Michel Foucault was considered as a postmodernist philosopher. He was known to expose the changing nature Foucault Essay human institutions. In the book Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Foucault revealed the evolution of social correction and discipline.

News and resources on French thinker Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

Torture was part of this evolution and it disappeared due to the shift in the Foucault Essay. In the 18th century, torture was used as a punishment for criminals and the public display of violence was done in Foucault Essay effort to deter crime and show the power of monarchy. In the Foucault Essay century, power was shifted to the soul. As a result, changes in correctional methods were made. In Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Michel Foucault used the issue of torture to illustrate the change in power and prove the arbitrary nature of disciplinary institutions.

In the book, Foucault began his discussion on torture with the gruesome account of the execution of Damiens the regicide on March 1, Foucault, The details given provide a horrifying picture: the criminal, who was clothed with only a shirt, had his flesh torn with the use of pincers.

After the flesh was removed, a combination of hot molten leadoil, resin, sulfur and wax was poured on his body. Initially, it was planned that the body would be torn with the help of horses, which Foucault Essay be drawn apart. When this plan did not work, the executioner named Samson had to sever the joints. After the limbs were pulled away, the body was burnt to ashes Foucault, According to Foucault, torture as punishment was a judicial ritual Foucault, To fully understand the notion of torture, it is important to consider the historical context from which it was taken.

Foucault wrote that Foucault Essay had been practiced since the ancient times and was a significant part of ancient legal procedures. In the 18th century, the monarchical form of government and feudalism was prevalent Sarup, The king possessed absolute power, and he manifested this power on his subjects. At that point in history, the crime was perceived as similar to sacrilege. This perception was the reason why punishment became the ritual which was not created for the purpose Foucault Essay reform; it was made with the intention to uphold the sacredness of a law which had been broken by the criminal Sarup, Hence, torture was ineffective as punishment because reform was not its objective. Foucault pointed out that torture was not merely a judicial ritual; it was Foucault Essay political in nature Foucault, Public execution, like the case of Damiens, involved the participation of sovereign.

By committing a crime, the criminal had offended the sovereignty.

As a response to the offense, the sovereign would inflict harm on the body of the criminal. Torture was the means in which Foucault Essay offense of the criminal against the sovereign can be undone Foucault, Torture as a method of punishment focused on the body.

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He explained that torture allowed the body of the criminal to reveal the truth of the crime Foucault, In the brutal ceremony of torture, the body of the offender would create and recreate the Foucault Essay of the offense. The authorities relied on the effect on the body to achieve the desired outcome. They believed that the viewing Foucault Essay would react accordingly to the execution; they thought that the violent display will decrease the number of crimes because the audience would be overcome with fear.

However, this was not the case. The public had a different reaction.

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The body of the criminal became the source of pity. Instead of feeling fear after Foucault Essay the torture, they felt sympathy for the criminal. The broadsheets which documented Foucault Essay details of the crime and the punishment did not succeed in preventing crime; rather, it succeeded in arousing admiration Fouccault the public. The accounts depicted the object of torture as a hero as opposed to a criminal. In addition, torture became a source of conflict between the sovereign and the people. Torture was supposed to be a manifestation of the power of the sovereign on the body; it was designed to make the people fear the sovereign.]