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Define and discuss the traditional role of Video

Two-Spirit also two spirit or, occasionally, twospirited is a modern, pan-Indianumbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe Native people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender or other gender-variant ceremonial and social role in their cultures. Cameron writes, "The term two-spirit is thus an Aboriginal-specific term of resistance to colonization ov non-transferable to other cultures. There are several underlying reasons for two spirited Aboriginals' desire to distance themselves from the mainstream queer community. She states, "at the core of contemporary two-spirit identities is ethnicity, an awareness of being Native American as opposed to being white or being a member of any other ethnic group".

While the words niizh manidoowag from Ojibwe were also proposed at the same time in this discussion to honor the language of the Peoples in whose territory the conference was being heldthis term had not been previously used, in either Ojibwe or English, until this conference innor was this term ever intended to replace the traditional terms or concepts already in use in Native ceremonial cultures. While it has gained far more mainstream recognition and popularity than any of the traditional terms in Indigenous languages, the term has never met with universal acceptance.

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While use of the term to replace berdache proceeded, the word also began to replace tribally-specific terms and cultural teachings, leading to criticism, largely from more traditional members of Indian Country : [4]. Nations and tribes used various words to describe various genders, sexes and sexualities.

Many had separate words for tradtional Western constructs of gays, lesbians, bisexuals, intersex individuals, cross-dressers, transgenders, gender-variant individuals, or "changing ones," third genders men who live as womenand fourth genders women who live as men Even these categories are limiting, because they are based on Western language and ideas rooted in a dichotomous relationship between gender, sex, and sexuality. Other concerns about this pan-Indian, English-language term have centered around the binary nature of two-spirita sense not found in the traditional names for these individuals or their roles in traditional cultures: [4].

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It implies that the individual is both male and female and that these aspects are intertwined within them. It does not take into account the terms and meanings from individual nations and tribes. It is unclear who first coined the term two-spirit in English. Non-Native anthropologist Will Roscoe gets much of the public credit for coining the term two spirit. Wesley Thomas of the Dine or Navajo tribe also contributed to its creation.

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Thomas is a professor in the School of Dine and Law Studies. Even at the series of conferences where the term was gradually adopted being the third of fiveconcern was expressed by a number of the Native attendees that traditional Natives back in the reservation communities would never agree to this newly-coined concept, or adopt the neologism being used to describe it. At the conferences that produced the book, Two-Spirited PeopleI heard several First Nations people describe themselves as very much unitary, neither "male" nor "female," much less a pair in one body.]