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Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was a physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist and influential thinker of the early twentieth century. Working initially in close collaboration with Joseph Breuer, Freud elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system, the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. Freud was born in Frieberg, Moravia in , but when he was four years old his family moved to Vienna where he was to live and work until the last years of his life. He always considered himself first and foremost a scientist, endeavoring to extend the compass of human knowledge, and to this end rather than to the practice of medicine he enrolled at the medical school at the University of Vienna in He received his medical degree in , and having become engaged to be married in , he rather reluctantly took up more secure and financially rewarding work as a doctor at Vienna General Hospital. Shortly after his marriage in , which was extremely happy and gave Freud six children—the youngest of whom, Anna, was to herself become a distinguished psychoanalyst—Freud set up a private practice in the treatment of psychological disorders, which gave him much of the clinical material that he based his theories and pioneering techniques on. Anna Freud

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She followed the path of her father and contributed to the field of psychoanalysis. Alongside Hermine Hug-Hellmuth and Melanie KleinAnna Freud may be considered the founder of psychoanalytic child psychology.

Compared to her father, her work emphasized the importance of the ego and its normal Anna Freud lines" as well as incorporating a distinctive emphasis on collaborative work across a range of analytical and observational contexts. After the Freud family were forced to leave Vienna in with the advent of the Nazi regime in Austria, she resumed her psychoanalytic practice and her pioneering work in child psychology in London, establishing the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic in now the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families as a centre for therapy, training and research work.

She was the youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays. The close relationship between Anna and her father was different from the rest of her family. She was a lively child with a reputation for mischief.

Freud wrote to his friend Wilhelm Fliess in "Anna has become downright beautiful through naughtiness.

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Enrolled at the Cottage Lyceum, a secondary school for https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/essay-writing-format-cbse-class-12/the-unemployment-rate-of-unemployment.php in Vienna, Anna made good progress in most subjects. The steady flow of foreign visitors to the Freud household inspired Anna to emulate her father by becoming proficient in different languages and she soon mastered English and French and acquired some basic Italian. The positive experience she had at the Lyceum led to her initial choice of teaching as a career. After she left the Lyceum Anna Freud she took an extended vacation over the winter months in Italy. This proved to be, for a period, a time of Anna Freud, anxiety and uncertainty about her future, concerns she shared in correspondence with her father whose writings she had begun reading.

In response he provided reassurance and in the Spring of he joined her for a tour of Verona, Venice and Trieste.

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Https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/mormon-bank-utah/analysis-shock-troops-advance-under-gas.php visit to Britain in the autumn ofchaperoned by her father's colleague Ernest Jonesbecame of concern to Freud when he learned of the latter's romantic interest. His advice to Jones, in a letter of 22 Julywas that his daughter " There is an outspoken understanding between me and her that she should not consider marriage or the preliminaries before she gets two or three years older". In she passed her teaching examination and began work as a teaching apprentice at her old school, the Cottage Lyceum.

From toshe worked as Anna Freud teaching apprentice for third, fourth, and fifth graders. For the school year —18, she began 'her first venture as Klassenlehrerin head teacher for the second grade'. With the encouragement and assistance of her father she pursued her exploration of psychoanalytic literature and in the summer of she undertook her first translation work for the Vienna Psychoanalytical Society: papers by James Jackson Putnam into German and Hermine Hug-Hellmuth into English. During and Anna Freud attended the lectures on psychoanalysis her father gave at the University of Vienna. By she had gained his support to pursue a training Anna Freud psychoanalysis and she went into analysis with him in October of that year.

Having contracted tuberculosis duringand thereafter experiencing Anna Freud episodes of illness, she resigned her teaching post in As well as in the periods of click she had with her father from to and from totheir filial bond became further strengthened after Freud was diagnosed with cancer of the jaw infor which he would need numerous operations and the long-term nursing assistance which Anna provided.

She also acted as his secretary and Anna Freud, notably at the bi-annual congresses of the International Psychoanalytical Association which Freud was unable to attend. Inshe began her own psychoanalytical practice with children and by she was teaching at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute on source technique of Freur analysis, her approach to which she set out in her first book, An Introduction to the Technique of Child Analysis published in From untilshe was the Secretary of the International Psychoanalytical Association while she continued her child analysis practice and contributed to Anna Freud and conferences on the subject.

Inshe became director of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Training Institute and the following year she published her influential study of the "ways and means by which the ego wards off depression, displeasure and anxiety", The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence. It became a founding work of ego psychology and established Freud's reputation as a pioneering theoretician. Among the first children Anna Freud took into analysis were those of Dorothy Burlingham. In Burlingham, heiress to the Tiffany luxury jewellery retailer, had arrived in Vienna from New York with her four children and entered analysis firstly with Theodore Reik and then, with a view to Shamanistic Healing in child analysis, with Freud himself.

In Anna Freud, following the Anschluss in which Nazi Germany occupied Austria, Anna was taken to Gestapo headquarters in Vienna for questioning on the activities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Unknown to her father, she and her brother Martin had obtained Anna Freud from Max Schurthe family doctor, in sufficient quantities to commit suicide if faced with torture or internment. However, she survived her interrogation ordeal and returned to the family home. After her father had reluctantly accepted the urgent need to leave Vienna, she set about organising the Anna Freud immigration process for the family in liaison with Ernest Jonesthe then President of the International Psychoanalytical Association, who secured the immigration permits that eventually led to the family establishing their new home in London at 20 Maresfield Gardens, Hampstead.

In Freud and Burlingham collaborated in establishing the Hampstead War Nursery for children whose lives had been disrupted by the war. Premises were acquired in HampsteadNorth London and in Essex Anna Freud provide education and Anna Freud care with mothers encouraged to visit as often as practicable.

Many for the staff were recruited from the exiled Austro- German diaspora.]