Cohort Follow Up Studies Cardiovascular Disease Cvd - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Cohort Follow Up Studies Cardiovascular Disease Cvd - logically

Exhaled carbon monoxide COex level has been proposed as a noninvasive and easily-obtainable cardiovascular risk marker, however, with limited prospective evidence, and its association with stroke risk has been rarely explored. After excluding participants with baseline cardiopulmonary diseases, stroke and cancer, , men and , women remained. During 7-year follow-up, we documented and major coronary events myocardial infarction plus fatal ischemic heart disease , and 10, ischemic strokes, and and hemorrhagic strokes among men and women, respectively. However, these associations were all attenuated until null by sequential addition of stratification by study areas, and adjustments of smoking and solid fuel use. Our finding suggests that, though not an independent risk factor, COex could potentially provide a cost-effective biomarker for ischemic cardio-cerebral-vascular risk, given that CO exposure is ubiquitous. Original publication. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click 'Continue' we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you won't see this message again. Cohort Follow Up Studies Cardiovascular Disease Cvd

Type of paper: Essay. Any type of paper on any subject custom-written for you by the professionals. Through cohort study designs and other evidence-based management studies, identify the major causes of CVD, and analyze the key steps, including current medications, used to address the disease. It is famous partially not only because of its long duration, since it started in and it is still ongoing, but also because it was a pioneer Studeis cardiovascular scientific research. By the time, no cardiovascular risk factors were known.

Researchers focused on arteriosclerotic and hypertensive cardiovascular diseases and they studied them in a population from a small town called Framingham in Massachussets, U. Based on cohort and case-control studies, several prevention and treatment strategies have been implemented, and are nowadays recommended by cardiovascular societies throughout the world Dasgupta et al.

This treatment consists of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions include weight control, dietary measures, physical activity, stress management, etc. Pharmacological interventions include antihypertensive agents, statins or fibrates to lower cholesterol levels, aspirin for prevention of blood clots that might cause infarction or stroke, etc.

Background

Develop at least five 5 leading questions that may be posed to your local health department in regard to mitigating the proliferation of the disease. Provide a sound rationale for raising these questions. This question is based on the fact that it is necessary to establish an epidemiological baseline status in Cvc to evaluate the burden of disease, and to further notice if local intervention strategies Carviovascular working, or if more changes need to be implemented. Although these are national statistics from the United States, it Cohort Follow Up Studies Cardiovascular Disease Cvd important to assess if our local statistics reflect these numbers, or slightly differ. Identifying the right population helps address specific prevention and intervention strategies to them. Although there are general recommendations that can be applied for the general population, it is not the same trying to mitigate cardiovascular diseases in a young, healthy and active population compared to an old, ill, and disabled one, for example.

Introduction

One of the barriers of prevention is adequate medical care and healthcare access. If the population at-risk is not able to access healthcare services, the burden of cardiovascular diseases might be underestimated, and intervention strategies might be harder to formulate. Prevention is more cost-effective than treatment. In order to effectively achieve prevention, the effort from individuals, medical societies, non-profit Sudies, research institutes, local and national governments are needed.

Public health campaigns provide awareness to the whole community about a specific problem. Furthermore, they provide with educational methods to reach bigger populations, and help individuals to start or maintain a healthy lifestyle.

A city infrastructure might determine physical activity patterns Cardivascular a population. Local health departments could be able to use Geographical Information Systems to correlate areas of lower or higher prevalence or incidence of cardiovascular diseases to green areas.

Conversely, these methods might be also useful for assessing proximity to places traditionally considered unhealthy e. Based on the five 5 questions you developed in Question two 2provide a rudimentary protocol to disseminate this information to your local community leaders. The information collected from the previous questions would be compiled in a report about cardiovascular risk in the local community.

This report will then be presented or sent by mail directly to local community leaders mayor, governor, religious leaders, foundation directors, etc. In case these local leaders are not easily reachable, a tour through local television and radio stations might be useful to raise awareness of the community, and eventually reach the community leaders.

References

The use of virtual social networks and implementing a free or financially feasible webpage could also help. The report and spread information would include the incidence and prevalent rates collected, population at risk, the causes of cardiovascular disease, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, current public health campaigns available, public places for performing physical activities, contact information including virtual social networksand all possible relevant information. Recommend six 6 steps that may be given to your current or previous place of employment to prevent the proliferation of CVD. Provide support for your recommendations.]