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The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the Hinterland towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. Home to Indigenous Australians for over 40, years, the Melbourne area served as a popular meeting place for local Kulin nation clans. Noted for its cultural heritagethe city gave rise to Australian rules footballAustralian impressionism and Australian cinemaand has more recently been recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a global centre for street artlive music and theatre. It hosts major annual international events, such as the Australian Grand Prix and the Australian Openand also hosted the Summer Olympics and the Commonwealth Games. Melbourne consistently ranked as the world's most liveable city for The Place And Time Of Origin Of of the s.

Melbourne Airportalso known as Tullamarine Airport, is the second busiest airport in Australia, and the city's port is the nation's busiest seaport.

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It also has Australia's most extensive freeway network and the largest urban tram network in the world. Indigenous Australians have lived in the Melbourne area for at least 40, years. The following year, due to a perceived lack of resources, these settlers relocated to Van Diemen's Land present-day Tasmania and founded the city of Hobart.

It would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman and his group arrived the following month and the two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement, initially known by the native name of Dootigala. Batman's Treaty with the Aborigines was annulled by Richard Bourkethe Governor of New South Wales who at the time governed all of eastern mainland Australiawith compensation paid to members see more the association. That year, the settlement's general post office officially opened with that name. Between andVictorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed of their land by European The Place And Time Of Origin Of. Letters patent of Queen Victoriaissued on 25 Junedeclared Melbourne a city. The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid sparked a gold rushand Melbourne, the colony's major port, experienced rapid growth.

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Within months, the city's here had nearly doubled from 25, to 40, inhabitants. An influx of intercolonial and international migrants, particularly from Europe and China, saw the establishment of slums, including Chinatown and a temporary "tent city" on the southern banks of the Yarra. In the aftermath of the Eureka Rebellionmass public-support for the plight of the miners resulted in major political changes to the colony, including improvements in working conditions across mining, agriculture, manufacturing and other local industries. At least twenty nationalities took part in the rebellion, giving some indication of immigration flows at the time. With the wealth brought in from the gold rush and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began.

The layout of the inner suburbs on a largely one-mile grid pattern, cut through by wide radial boulevards and parklands surrounding the central city, was largely established [ by whom?

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These areas rapidly filled with the ubiquitous terrace houses, as well as with detached houses and grand mansions, while some of the major roads developed as shopping streets. Melbourne quickly became a major finance centre, home to several banks, the Royal Mintand in Australia's first stock exchange. Members of the Melbourne Football Club codified Australian football in[44] and inthe first Melbourne Cup race was held. Melbourne acquired its first public monument, the Burke and Wills statue, in With the gold rush largely over byMelbourne The Place And Time Of Origin Of to grow on the back of continuing gold-mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria especially wool and with a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs.

An extensive radial railway network spread into the countryside from the late s. Construction started on further major public buildings in the s and s, such as the Supreme CourtGovernment Houseand the Queen Victoria Market. The central city filled up with shops and offices, workshops, and warehouses.

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Large banks and hotels faced the main streets, with fine townhouses in the east end of Collins Street, contrasting with tiny cottages down laneways within the blocks. The s saw extraordinary growth: consumer confidence, easy access to credit, and steep increases in land prices led to an enormous amount of construction. During this "land boom", Melbourne reputedly became the richest city in the world, [15] and the second-largest after London in the British Empire. The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition inheld in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building.

A telephone exchange was established that year, and the foundations of St Paul's were laid. Inelectric light was installed Anv the The Place And Time Of Origin Of Marketand a generating station capable of supplying 2, incandescent lamps was in operation by Invisiting English journalist George Augustus Henry Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne", which stuck long into the twentieth century and has come to refer to the opulence and energy of the s, [47] during which time large commercial buildings, grand hotels, banks, coffee palacesterrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in the city. Melbourne's land-boom peaked in[48] the year it hosted the Centennial Exhibition. A brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during this time ended in the early s with a severe economic depression, sending the local finance- and property-industries into a period of chaos.]