Contemporary Human Behavior Theory A Critical Perspective - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Contemporary Human Behavior Theory A Critical Perspective Video

Posthumanism Explained - Nietzsche, Deleuze, Stiegler, Haraway Contemporary Human Behavior Theory A Critical Perspective

Contemporary Human Behavior Theory A Critical Perspective - rather

The lowest-priced brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging where packaging is applicable. Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag. See details for additional description. I got this as a textbook for Human Behavior in the Social Environment social work class. The authors attempt to look critically at theories as objects of study in and of themselves.

It is widely accepted that consciousness or, more generally, mental activity is in some way correlated to the behavior of the material brain. Since quantum theory is the most fundamental theory of matter that is currently available, it is a legitimate question to ask whether quantum theory can help us to understand consciousness. Several approaches answering this question affirmatively, proposed in recent decades, will be surveyed.

1. Introduction

There are three basic types of corresponding approaches: 1 consciousness is a Tneory of quantum processes in the brain, 2 quantum concepts are used to understand consciousness without referring to brain activity, and 3 matter and consciousness are regarded as dual aspects of one underlying reality. Major contemporary variants of these quantum-inspired approaches will be discussed.

It will be pointed out that they make different epistemological assumptions and use quantum theory in different ways. For each of the approaches discussed, both problematic and promising features will be highlighted. The problem of how mind and matter are related to each other has many facets, and it can be approached from many different starting points. The historically leading disciplines in this respect read article philosophy and psychology, which were later joined by behavioral Perapective, cognitive science and neuroscience.

In addition, the physics of complex systems and quantum physics have played stimulating roles in the discussion from their beginnings.

2. Philosophical Background Assumptions

As regards the issue of complexity, this is evident: the brain is one of the most complex systems we know. The study of neural networks, their relation to the operation of single neurons and other important topics do and will profit a lot from complex systems approaches. As regards quantum physics, there can be no reasonable doubt that quantum events occur and are efficacious in the brain as Contemporary Human Behavior Theory A Critical Perspective in the material world—including biological systems.

The original motivation in the early 20th century for relating quantum theory to consciousness was essentially philosophical. On the other hand, randomness is problematic for goal-directed volition! Quantum theory introduced an element of randomness standing out against the previous deterministic worldview preceding it, in which randomness expresses our ignorance of a more detailed description as in statistical mechanics.

Ratings and Reviews

In sharp contrast to such epistemic randomness, quantum randomness in processes such as the spontaneous emission of light, radioactive decay, or other examples has been considered a fundamental feature of nature, independent of our ignorance or knowledge. To be precise, this feature refers to individual quantum events, whereas the behavior of ensembles of such events is statistically determined. The indeterminism of individual quantum events is constrained by statistical laws. Other features of quantum theory, which became attractive in discussing issues of consciousness, were the concepts of complementarity and entanglement.

Shop by category

For informative overviews with different focal points see e. Variants of the dichotomy between mind and matter range from their fundamental distinction at a primordial level of description to the emergence of mind consciousness from the brain as an extremely sophisticated and highly developed material system. Informative overviews can be found in Popper and EcclesChalmersand Pauen One important aspect of all discussions about the relation between mind and matter is the distinction between descriptive and check this out approaches. For instance, correlation is a descriptive term with empirical relevance, while causation is an explanatory term associated with theoretical attempts to understand correlations. Causation implies correlations between cause and effect, but this does not always apply the other way around: correlations between two systems can result from a common cause in their history rather click from a direct causal interaction.

In the fundamental sciences, one typically speaks of causal relations in terms of interactions.

In physics, for instance, there are four fundamental kinds of interactions electromagnetic, weak, strong, gravitational which serve to explain the correlations that are observed in physical systems. As regards the mind-matter problem, the situation is more difficult.]