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The mental status examination MSE is an important part of the clinical assessment process in neurological and psychiatric practice.

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It is a structured way of observing and describing a patient 's psychological functioning at a given point in time, under the domains of appearance, attitudebehavior, mood, and affect, speech, thought processthought content, perceptioncognitioninsight, and judgment. The purpose of the MSE is to obtain a comprehensive cross-sectional description of the patient's mental state, which, when combined with the biographical and historical information of the psychiatric historyallows the clinician to make an accurate diagnosis and formulationwhich are required for coherent treatment planning. The data are collected through a combination of direct The Intake Clinical Interview By Client Paul indirect means: unstructured observation while obtaining the biographical and social information, focused questions about current symptoms, and formalised psychological tests.

The MSE derives from an approach to psychiatry known as descriptive psychopathology [4] or descriptive phenomenology[5] which developed from the work of the philosopher and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers. In practice, the MSE is a blend of empathic descriptive phenomenology and empirical clinical observation. It has been argued that the term phenomenology has become corrupted in clinical psychiatry: current usage, as a set of supposedly objective descriptions of a psychiatric patient a synonym for signs and symptomsis incompatible with the original meaning which was concerned with comprehending a patient's subjective experience.

The mental status examination is a core skill of qualified mental health personnel. It is a key part of the initial psychiatric assessment in an outpatient or psychiatric hospital setting. It is a systematic collection of data based on observation of the patient's behavior while the patient is in the clinician's view during article source interview.

The purpose is to obtain evidence of symptoms and signs of mental disorders, Cllient danger to self and others, that are present at the time of the interview. Further, information on the patient's insight, judgment, and capacity for abstract reasoning is used to inform decisions about treatment strategy and the choice of an appropriate treatment setting. Clinicians assess the physical aspects such as the appearance of a patient, including apparent age, height, weight, and manner of dress and grooming. Colorful or bizarre clothing might suggest maniawhile unkempt, dirty clothes might suggest schizophrenia or depression. If the patient appears much older than The Intake Clinical Interview By Client Paul or her chronological age this can suggest go here poor Intervuew or ill-health.

Clothing and accessories of a particular subculture, body modificationsor clothing not typical of the patient's gender, might give clues to personality. Observations of physical appearance might include the physical features of alcoholism or drug abusesuch as signs of malnutritionnicotine stains, dental erosion, a rash around the mouth from inhalant abuseor needle track marks from intravenous drug abuse.

Observations can also include any odor which might suggest poor personal hygiene due to extreme self-neglect, or alcohol intoxication.

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Attitude, also known as rapport or cooperation, [17] refers to the patient's approach to the interview process and the quality of information obtained during the assessment. Abnormalities of behavior, also called abnormalities of activity, [19] include observations of specific abnormal movementsas well as more general observations of the patient's level of activity and arousal, and observations of the patient's eye contact and gait. Abnormal movements, for example choreiformathetoid or choreoathetoid movements may indicate a neurological disorder. A tremor or dystonia may indicate a neurological condition or the side effects of antipsychotic medication. The patient may have tics involuntary but quasi-purposeful movements or vocalizations which may be a symptom of Tourette's syndrome.

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There are a range of abnormalities of movement which are typical of catatoniasuch as echopraxiacatalepsywaxy flexibility and paratonia or gegenhalten [20]. Stereotypies repetitive purposeless movements such as rocking or head banging or mannerisms repetitive quasi-purposeful abnormal movements such as a gesture or abnormal gait may be a feature of chronic schizophrenia or autism. More global behavioural abnormalities may be noted, such as an increase in arousal and movement described as psychomotor agitation or hyperactivity which might reflect mania or delirium. An inability to sit still might represent akathisiaa side effect of antipsychotic medication. Similarly, a global decrease in arousal The Intake Clinical Interview By Client Paul movement described as psychomotor retardationakinesia or stupor might indicate depression or a medical condition such as Parkinson's diseasedementia or delirium.

The examiner would also comment on eye movements repeatedly glancing to one side can suggest that the patient is experiencing hallucinationsand the quality of eye contact which can provide clues to the patient's emotional state. Lack of eye contact may suggest depression or autism. The distinction between mood and affect in the MSE is subject to some disagreement.]