Toxicology And Its Effect On Different Organisms Video
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Metrics details. Imatinib is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent by other isoenzymes, with N -desmethyl imatinib being its major equipotent metabolite.
The cancer chemoprevention potential and anticancer efficacy of many herbal products such as grape seed GS and green tea GT extracts had led to an increase in their concomitant use with anticancer agents. However, when these extracts were co-administered at low doses, no significant effects were shown on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib and its metabolite. Nevertheless, increasing the dose caused a significant decrease in C max of N -desmethyl imatinib by However, the involvement of other kinetic pathways such as other isoenzymes, efflux and uptake transporters could be involved and should be characterized.
Peer Review reports. Creating a concern of the herbal products in addition to their components altering the pharmacokinetic characteristics Itw the prescribed drugs, which may lead to a clinical significant interactions and adverse effects [ 5 ].
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Especially since herbal products are not subjected to the same rigorous regulations of safety Toxicologt efficacy required for prescription drugs approval. As a result, there is often incomplete knowledge regarding the interactions between herbal products and conventional drugs [ 6 ]. A major safety concern is the potential interactions between herbal link and anticancer drugs.
Cancer patients use herbal products more frequently when compared to the general population to improve the quality of life and the immune system, to decrease the progression of cancer or to reduce side effects of chemotherapy [ 7 ]. However, such concomitant use and its consequent effects on the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs are not completely studied.
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Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is indicated in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors [ 89 ] and other hematological and oncological diseases. Despite its pharmacokinetic profile that favors the daily dosing, imatinib has been shown to interact with several metabolizing enzymes, which Efcect one of the main sites of drug-drug interactions. Imatinib metabolism via CYP3A isoenzymes results in the formation of several metabolites, with N -desmethyl derivative being the most abundant one with equipotent activity to imatinib [ 10 ]. For example, the combined use of imatinib with St.
Although imatinib pharmacokinetic interactions with many conventional drugs have been studied [ 10 ], studies of the potential interactions of imatinib with the commonly used herbal products are lacking. The cancer chemoprevention potential and anticancer efficacy of many herbal products and Orgabisms supplements such as grape seed GS and green tea GT extracts had led to an increase in the concomitant use of these products with anticancer agents [ 515 ].
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Their potential combined use had raised the possible risk of pharmacokinetic interactions between these products and anticancer drugs. GS extract, which is produced from the seeds of grapes [ Vitis vinifera L. Vitaceae ], is rich in polyphenols that exist in their seeds as dimers, trimers and oligomers of procyanidins [ 1617 ].
Moreover, GS extracts are rich with procyanidins, which are reported to protect against drug- and chemical-induced multi-organ toxicity.
Toxicology And Its Effect On Different Organisms, it was reported that Https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/purdue-owl-research-paper/florence-nightingale-and-her-effect-on-society.php extracts may have cancer chemo-preventive properties against breast- lung- prostate- skin- and gastro-intestinal-cancers by protecting and maintaining the growth and viability of normal cells while selectively inducing cytotoxicity toward human cancer cells [ 18 ].
On the other hand, GT extracts, nO are derived from the young leaves of green tea [ Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze Theaceae ], have been known to have various pharmacological effects [ 1920 ], including anti-cancer [ 21 ], anti-oxidant [ 22 ], anti-obesity [ 23 ], anti-infection [ 24 ], anti-aging [ 25 ], anti-diabetic [ 26 ], check this out cardio-protective effects [ 27 ].
GS and GT extracts were demonstrated to act as potent inhibitors of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of multiple substrates in vitro and in Oragnisms [ 28293031 ]. However, such pharmacokinetic studies are seriously lacking. Imatinib Dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol were obtained from Scharlau Labs, Spain.]
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