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Political psychology is an interdisciplinary academic field, a branch of social psychology [1] dedicated to understanding politicspoliticians and political behavior from a psychological perspective. As an interdisciplinary field, political psychology borrows from a wide range of other disciplines, including: anthropologysociologyinternational relationseconomicsphilosophymediajournalism and history. Political psychology aims to understand interdependent relationships between individuals and contexts that are influenced by beliefs, motivation, perception, cognition, information processing, learning strategies, socialization and attitude formation. Political psychological theory and approaches have been applied in many contexts such as: leadership role; domestic and foreign policy making; behavior in ethnic violence, war and genocide; group dynamics and conflict; racist behavior; voting attitudes and The Effect Of Personality On Teacher Leadership voting and the role of the media; nationalism; and political extremism.

Political psychology originated from Western Europe, France, where it was closely tied to the emergence of new disciplines and paradigms as well as to the precise social and political context in various countries.

Background

The philosopher Hippolyte Taine —a founder of the Ecole Libre de Sciences Politiques, applied Bastian's theories in his works The Origins of Contemporary France —to ideas on the founding and development of the Third Republic. He suggested in his works Psychology of Socialism and Political Psychology and Social Defense [7] that in the uncontrollable click here of a crowd people were more vulnerable to submission and leadership, and suggested that embracing nationalism would remedy this. Meanwhile, in Italy, the Risorgimento instigated various social reforms and voting rights.

The large division in social class during this period led lawyer Gaetano Mosca — to publish his work, The Ruling Class: Elements of Political Sciencewhich theorized the presence of the ruling and the ruled classes of all societies. His work The Mind and Society offers a sociology treatise.

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Michels was a German socialist fascinated by the distinction between the largely lower class run parliament in Germany and upper class run parliament in Italy. A large psychoanalytical influence was contributed to the discipline of political psychology by Sigmund Freud — His texts Totem and Taboo and Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego linked psychoanalysis with politics. Freud and Bullitt developed the first psychobiographical explanation to how the personality characteristics of U. Wilhelm Reich —inspired by the effects of World War II, was interested in whether personality types varied according to epoch, culture and class. He described the bidirectional effect of group, society and the environment with personality. He also edited The Journal for Political Psychology and Sexual Economy — which was the first journal to present political psychology in the principal of western language.

In Germany, novice political alterations and fascist control during World War II spurred research into authoritarianism from Frankfurt school. Philosopher Herbert Marcuse — opened up issues concerning freedom and authority in his book, Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theoryclick the following article he suggested groups compromise on individual rights. Theodor Adorno — The Effect Of Personality On Teacher Leadership investigated authoritarian individuals and anti-Semitism. His report The Authoritarian Personality attempts to determine the personality type susceptible to following fascism and anti-democratic propaganda. Nazi movements during World War II also spurred controversial psychologists such as Walther Poppelreuter to lecture and write about political psychology that identified with Hitler.

THE GIFT OF HOPE

The psychologist Eric Jaensch — contributed the racist book The Anti-type At the turn of the century, Oxford University and Cambridge University introduced disciplinary political psychology courses such as "The Sciences of the Man", along with the foundation of the Psychological society and the Sociological society Grundy — noted political psychology as a sub-discipline of history.

Wallace emphasized the importance of enlightening politicians and the public about the psychological processes in order to raise awareness on exploitation while developing control over one's own psychological intellect. He suggested in Great Society that recognition of such processes could help to build a more functional humanity.]