Antibiotic Resistance To Antibiotics - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Antibiotic Resistance To Antibiotics Video

Animal manure is an important source of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes ARGs in the environment. However, the difference of antibiotic residues and ARG profiles in layer and broiler manure as well as their compost remains unexplored.

In this study, we investigated the profiles of twelve antibiotics, seventeen ARGs, and class 1 integrase gene intI1 in layer and broiler manure, and the corresponding compost at large-scale. Compared with layer manure, broiler manure exhibited approximately six times more residual tetracyclines, especially chlortetracycline. The relative abundances of qnrS and ermA genes in broiler manure were significantly higher than those in layer manure.

The concentration of tetracyclines not only had a significantly positive correlation with tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC but was also positively correlated with quinolone Antibiotic Resistance To Antibiotics qepAqnrBand qnrS and macrolide resistance ermA and ermT. Most ARGs in manure were reduced after composting.

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However, the relative abundance of sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 increased up to 2. The associated bacterial community was characterized by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The relative abundances of thermophilic bacteria had significant positive correlations with the abundance of sul1 in compost. The composting has a significant impact on the ARG-associated gut microbes in poultry manure.

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Variation partitioning analysis indicated that the change of bacterial community compositions and antibiotics contributed partially to Antibiotif shift in ARG profiles. The results indicate that at industry-scale production broiler manure had more antibiotics and ARGs than layer manure did, and composting decreased most ARG abundances in poultry manure except for sulfonamide resistance genes. Antibiotics are widely used in intensive livestock industries for growth promotion and preventing or treating animal diseases.

However, most of these antibiotics are not completely metabolized by animals.

Introduction

Therefore, plenty of antibiotics and ARGs are found in poultry manure and can pose a threat to human and animal health if the manure was not treated Antibiotic Resistance To Antibiotics effective management options Zhang et al. Unlike the occasional use of oral antibiotics in layer chicken farming, broiler farming always uses antibiotics as a growth-promoting additive, so there may be differences in antibiotic residues in the manure between the layer and broiler farm, which in turn may cause certain differences in ARGs Yoshimura et al.

In fact, because of the similar nutrient composition of layer and Antibiotic Resistance To Antibiotics manure, most investigations combine the two as chicken manure, which is not conducive to the removal of antibiotics and ARGs Zhao et al. In layer Reesistance broiler manure, most work was focused on the antibiotic resistance in cultured pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli Baron et al. Distinguishing the antibiotic and antibiotic resistance profiles between layer manure and broiler manure can likely mitigate the dissemination of antibiotics and ARGs from poultry farming.

Composting is a bio-oxidative process and an effective manure management method for the harmless disposal, killing pathogen, and providing nutrients to crop Larney and Hao ; Bernal et al. High-temperature aerobic composting is an effective way of reducing residual antibiotics from animal manure, but its efficiency varies widely Youngquist et al.

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Dissipation of antibiotics in composting has been observed to vary with the type of antibiotics, Anfibiotic of animals, size of a compost pile, composting approach turned or staticand temperature of the pile Cessna et al. Therefore, a considerable fraction of antibiotic residues remains in manure-based compost and can boost antibiotics and ARGs when applied to soil as fertilizer Li et al. Therefore, better understanding of the antibiotics profile after composting is important to improve the removal efficiency.

Antibiotic resistance is an issue threatening public health and sustainable development worldwide UNEPand the release of veterinary antibiotic residues into the environment can be a major cause. While the composting process can reduce the Antibiotic Resistance To Antibiotics abundance in manure Chen et al. The shift in microbial community composition is a key determinant in the variation of ARGs during manure composting Zhang et al.]