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The action of metformin, the classic drug used to treat diabetes by stabilizing blood sugar, can be blocked by a molecule from the bacteria in our intestines, a University of Gothenburg study shows. Metformin is the primary treatment option for type 2 diabetes, but there are major variations in how individuals respond to this drug. In some people it lowers blood glucose sugar and delays the course of the disease, while in others its effects are less favorable. An article published in the journal Cell Metabolism now clarifies one underlying factor that explain why metformin action can be blocked.
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This blocking is preceded by processes in the gut bacteria -- the intestinal microbiota -- in which the molecule imidazole propionate is produced. The change in gut microbiota associated with type 2 diabetes has been demonstrated in previous research under the leadership of Fredrik Backhed, Professor of Molecular Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. He has also shown that the altered gut microbiota brings about a change in metabolism of the amino acid histidine.
This, in turn, leads to an increase in the production of imidazole propionate, a molecule that inhibits the effects of insulin in lowering blood glucose. The present study shows that, besides blocking the effects of insulin, imidazole propionate also reduces the efficacy of metformin in lowering blood glucose. In type 2 diabetes patients, high imidazole propionate levels proved to The Organisms And Its Effects On Our associated with impaired metformin action, and vice versa.
The study also shows that imidazole propionate impairs the glucose-lowering effect of metformin in mice.
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But new studies are needed to verify this hypothesis. How imidazole propionate obstructs the efficacy of metformin in regulating blood glucose has been thoroughly investigated through applied biochemistry and molecular biology. Ara Koh is the first author of the study. By blocking another protein, p38gamma, which is required to enable imidazole propionate to block AMPK AMP-activated protein kinasethe researchers were able to inhibit the effects of imidazole propionate.
The research group works at the Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research at the University of Gothenburg, and the present study was conducted in collaboration with Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
There, observations of patients can be explained in molecular terms, which can give rise to new therapies," Fredrik Backhed concludes. Materials provided by University of Gothenburg. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Science News. Story Source: Materials provided by University of Gothenburg.
Cell Metabolism; 32 4 : DOI: ScienceDaily, 11 November University of Gothenburg. A molecule from gut bacteria reduces effect of diabetes medication. Retrieved November 22, from www. Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes Patients or Not? Researchers Now Have the Answer Sep.
One third of patients do not respond to metformin treatment and 5 per cent experience serious side Researchers have now used a novel technology to Metformin has long been used to treat diabetes in both ScienceDaily shares links with sites in the TrendMD network and earns revenue from third-party advertisers, where indicated.
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