A Brief Study on Stem Cell Research - amazonia.fiocruz.br

A Brief Study on Stem Cell Research Video

Inan outbreak of an unknown coronavirus — SARS-CoV-2 — responsible for COVID disease, was first reported in China, and evolved into a A Brief Study on Stem Cell Research of huge dimensions and raised serious concerns for global health. The number of critical cases continues to increase dramatically, while vaccines and specific treatments are not yet available.

Mesenchymal stem cells MSCs are at the origin of new revolutionary treatments, which may come to be applied in such as Regenerative Medicine, Immunotherapy, Tissue Engineering, and Cell and Molecular Biology due to immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activity. MSCs have already been studied with positive outcomes for other lung pathologies, thus representing and being identified as an important opportunity for the treatment of COVID It has recently been shown that these cells allow hopeful and effective therapies for serious or critical COVID, minimizing its adverse symptoms.

In this study we will analyze the MSCs, their origin, differentiation, and therapeutic potential, making a bridge with the COVID disease and its characteristics, A Brief Study on Stem Cell Research a potential therapeutic strategy but also reporting recent studies where these cell-based therapies were used for the treatment of COVID patients. Since the end of that a series of unexplained cases of pneumonia caused by an unknown virus were reported in Wuhan, China.

First outbreak reported in China, this disease quickly spread to all continents mainly due to international flights, becoming a pandemic recognize by the WHO since Januaryaffecting nowadays countries and territories, with more than 11 million active cases and more than half a million deaths, representing a serious global public health emergency Table 1 Worldometer, Table 1. Total confirmed cases, total deaths, and total cases per 1M population of the 10 countries most affected by COVID, and the data from Portugal for comparison Data consulted on October 10 at worldometers.

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Reeearch first cases identified as COVID were related to the Huanan seafood market, since environmental samples were collected from the seafood market, and consequently, it is believed that SARS-CoV-2 mutated and an intermediate host that infected the patient zero in the market allowed the interspecies transmission to humans Li et al. Therefore, various researches reinforced the hypothesis that the transmission chain originated from animals bats to humans. Coronavirus dimensions can vary from 26 to 32 kb in length, 60— nm in diameter, with peptameric spiky projections on its external surface, looking Sudy crown like spikes under the electron microscopy Madabhavi et al.

The spike protein is mainly responsible for the occurrence of cell tropism and inter-species transmission, since it allows the virus to bind to a cell receptor and its subsequent penetration into the cell through its membrane. Sequentially, these lesions can promote severe systemic reactions and culminate in A Brief Study on Stem Cell Research.

ACE-2 is expressed in other tissues such as the kidney, liver, heart and other organs, this expression being the reason behind critical patients suffering not only from respiratory complications, but multiple organ dysfunction as well Sun et al. The nasal epithelium was found the first site of infection but also in A Brief Study on Stem Cell Research among patients, with symptomatic but also asymptomatic clinical spectrum Xiao et al.

As of October 6,the total number of confirmed cases was 35,, including 1, deaths in all five continents, and a total of 26, recovered patients Worldometer,nowadays a second vague of infection is being observed worldwide Table 1. All read more are vulnerable to this lethal virus infection, and its transmission is made in the course of coughing and sneezing, through infected droplets by infected patients, able to spread about 1—2 m and deposit on surfaces.

One of the main factors of the high rate of transmission of this virus is the fact that can also occur from asymptomatic people before the start of symptoms. The incubation period varies from 2 to 14 days. Researchers also noticed a 3. The age range of deaths by COVID was 70 years or older, although the deaths of younger age groups are now increasing. Findings made so far indicate that the progression of the disease is faster in older individuals, especially on those who have comorbidities, than in the young Sun et al.

COVID can be clinically divided in five groups: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical. The mild group manifests itself through signs such as fever, myalgia, cough, fatigue, sore throat, and sneezing, runny nose Bref evolution to pneumonia, basically signs of acute upper respiratory tract infection. More aggressive symptoms such as fever, cough and pneumonia with no indication of shortness of breath or hypoxemia should be included in the moderate group.

Finally, the critical patients Resdarch acute ARDS or respiratory failure with multiple organ dysfunction, requiring mechanical ventilation and life support Bulut and Kato, The main pathologic traits for COVID patients in the severe here critical groups include the development of extensive pulmonary edema, pulmonary inflammation, diffuse alveolar damage with cellular fibromyxoid exudates, hyaline membrane formation and hypoxemia.

The vaccine is considered as an effective prophylactic strategy for control and prevention, and is being researched and developed in about 90 institutions worldwide. The knowledge of the structure of the SARS-COV-2 spike A Brief Study on Stem Cell Research S should enable rapid evaluation and further studies to optimize vaccination strategies. Several possible treatments are also being studied, some of them were already considered ineffective for COVID, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine.]