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Electric Power Transmission Video

Charming answer: Electric Power Transmission

Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site, such as a power plantto an electrical substation. The interconnected lines which facilitate this movement are known as a transmission network. This is distinct Electric Power Transmission the local wiring between high-voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electric power distribution.

The combined transmission and distribution network is part of electricity deliveryknown as the " power grid " in North Americaor just "the grid".

Efficient transmission involves reducing the currents by stepping up the voltage prior to transmission, and stepping it down at a substation at the far end. For AC power transmission the stepping up and down is done using transformers. A wide area synchronous gridalso known as an "interconnection" in North America, directly connects many generators delivering AC power with the same relative frequency to many consumers. Electric Power Transmission Europe one large grid connects most of continental Europe.

Historically, transmission and distribution lines were owned by the same company, but starting in the s, many countries have liberalized the regulation of the electricity market in ways that have led to the separation of the electricity transmission business from the distribution business. Most transmission Electric Power Transmission are high-voltage three-phase alternating current ACalthough single phase AC is sometimes used in railway Powe systems.

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High-voltage direct-current HVDC technology is used for greater efficiency over very long distances typically hundreds of miles. HVDC links are used to stabilize large power distribution networks where sudden new loads, or blackouts, in one part of a network can result in synchronization problems and cascading failures.

Power is usually transmitted through overhead power lines. Underground power transmission has a significantly higher installation cost and greater operational limitations, but reduced maintenance costs. Underground transmission is sometimes used in urban areas or environmentally sensitive locations. Electric Power Transmission lack of electrical energy storage facilities in transmission systems leads to a key limitation. Electrical energy must be generated at the same rate at which it is consumed. A sophisticated control system is required to ensure that the power generation very closely matches the demand. If the demand for power exceeds supply, the imbalance can cause generation plant s and transmission equipment to automatically disconnect or shut down to prevent damage.

Pkwer the worst Transmissio, this may lead to a cascading series of shut downs and a major regional blackout. Examples include the US Northeast blackouts of,and major blackouts in other US regions in and Electric transmission networks are interconnected into regional, national, and even continent wide networks to reduce the risk of such a failure by providing multiple redundantalternative routes for power to flow should such Electric Power Transmission downs occur.

Transmission companies determine the maximum reliable capacity of each line ordinarily less than its physical or thermal limit to ensure that spare capacity is available in the event of a failure in another part of the network. Project Information Management Technology overhead conductors are not covered by insulation. The more info material is nearly always an aluminum alloy, made into several strands and possibly reinforced with steel strands.

Copper was sometimes used for overhead Transmissiln, but aluminum is lighter, yields only marginally reduced performance and costs much less. Overhead conductors are a commodity supplied by several companies worldwide. Improved conductor material and shapes are regularly used to allow increased capacity and modernize transmission circuits. For large Electric Power Transmission more than a few centimetres in diameter at power frequency, much of the current flow is concentrated near the surface due to the skin effect.

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The center part of the conductor carries little current, but contributes weight and cost to the Tgansmission. Because of this current limitation, multiple parallel cables called bundle conductors are used when higher capacity is needed.

Bundle conductors are also used at high voltages to reduce energy loss caused by corona discharge. Since overhead transmission wires depend on air for insulation, Electric Power Transmission design of these lines requires minimum clearances to be observed to maintain safety. Adverse weather conditions, such as high winds and low temperatures, can lead to power outages.]