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A cooperative also known as co-operativeco-opor coop is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned enterprise ". Cooperatives may include:. Research published by the Worldwatch Institute found that in approximately one billion people in 96 countries had become members of at least one cooperative.

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Cooperatives frequently have social goals, which they aim to accomplish by investing a proportion of trading profits back into their communities. As an example of this, inretail co-operatives in the UK invested 6. Since cooperatives have been distinguishable on the Internet through the use of a. Cooperation dates back as far as human beings have been organizing for mutual benefits. Tribes were organized as cooperative structures, allocating jobs and resources among each other, only trading with the external communities.

In the English-speaking worldpost- feudal forms of cooperation between workers and owners that are expressed today as " profit sharing " and "surplus sharing" arrangements existed as far back as As both state and church institutions began to routinely distinguish between the 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor, a movement of friendly societies grew throughout the British Empire based on the principle of mutuality, committed to self-help in the welfare of working people.

InWelsh social reformer Robert Owenfrom Newtown in mid- Walesand his partners purchased the New Lanark mill from Owen's father-in-law, David Daleand proceeded to introduce better labour standards, including discounted retail shops where profits were passed on to his employees.

Owen left New Lanark to pursue other forms of cooperative organization and develop coop The Multi Store Model And The Working through writing and lecture. Cooperative communities were set up in GlasgowIndiana and Hampshirealthough ultimately unsuccessful.

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MModel InWilliam King set up a newspaper, The Cooperatorto promote Owen's thinking, having already set up a cooperative store in Brighton. The Rochdale Society of Equitable PioneersRCEP founded inis usually considered the first successful cooperative enterprise, used as a model for modern coops, following the ' Rochdale Principles '. A group of 28 weavers and other artisans in RochdaleEngland set up the society to open their own store selling food items they could not otherwise afford. Within ten years there were over a thousand cooperative societies in the United Kingdom.

Other events such as the founding of a friendly society by the Tolpuddle Martyrs in were key occasions in the creation of organized labor and consumer movements. Friendly Societies established forums through hTe one member, one vote was practiced in organisation decision-making. The principles challenged the idea that a person should be an owner of property before being granted a political voice.

Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century and then repeatedly every twenty years or so there was a surge in the number of cooperative organisations, both in commercial practice and civil society, operating to advance democracy and universal suffrage as a political principle. From the mid-nineteenth century, mutual organisations embraced these ideas in economic enterprises, firstly amongst tradespeople, and later in cooperative stores, educational The Multi Store Model And The Working, financial institutions and industrial enterprises. The common thread enacted in different ways, and subject to the constraints of various systems of national law is the principle that an enterprise or association should be owned and controlled by the people it serves, and share any surpluses on the basis of each member's cooperative contribution as a producer, labourer or consumer rather than their capacity Shore invest financial capital.

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The International Co-operative Alliance was the first international association formed by the cooperative movement. It is dedicated to ensuring that cooperative businesses have the same opportunities as other businesses operating in the country and oWrking consumers have access to cooperatives in the marketplace. This invention improved milk production and created a method of preserving butter, the AIV salt, which just click for source to increased Finnish butter exports. He had started his career in chemistry in Valioa cooperative of dairy farmers in which he headed the research department for 50 years and where all his major inventions were first put to practice. Cooperative banks were first to adopt online banking. Stanford Federal Credit Union was the first financial institution to offer online internet banking services to all of its members in October By a new association focused on worker co-ops was founded, Modell United States Federation of Worker Cooperatives.

The cooperative movement has been fueled globally by ideas of economic democracy. Economic democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that suggests an expansion of decision-making power from a small minority of corporate shareholders to a larger majority of public stakeholders. There are many different approaches to thinking about and building economic democracy. Anarchists are committed to libertarian socialism and have focused on local organization, including locally managed cooperatives, linked through confederations The Multi Store Model And The Working unions, cooperatives and communities.

Marxists, who as socialists have likewise held and worked for the goal of democratizing productive and reproductive relationships, often placed a greater strategic emphasis on confronting the larger scales of human organization. As they viewed the capitalist class to be politically, militarily and culturally mobilized for the purpose of maintaining an exploitable working classthey fought in the early 20th century to appropriate from the capitalist class the society's collective political capacity in the form of the stateeither through democratic socialismor through what came to be known as Leninism.

Though they regard the state as an unnecessarily oppressive institution, Marxists considered appropriating national and international-scale capitalist institutions and resources such as the state to be an important first pillar in creating conditions favorable to solidaristic economies.]