Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, that is, the capacity to place oneself in another's position. Types of empathy include cognitive empathy, emotional or affective empathy, and somatic empathy. This was described for the first time in English by the British critic and author, Vernon Leewho explained "the word sympathywith-feeling Titchener in into the English word "empathy". Empathy definitions encompass a broad range of phenomena, including caring for other people and having a desire to help them; experiencing emotions that match another person's emotions; discerning what another person is thinking or feeling; [11] and making less distinct the differences between the self and the other.
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Having empathy can include having the understanding that there are many factors that go into decision making and cognitive thought processes. Past experiences have an influence on the decision making of today. Understanding this allows a person to have empathy for individuals who sometimes make illogical decisions to a problem that most individuals would respond with an obvious response. Broken homes, childhood trauma, lack of parenting and many other factors can influence the connections in the brain which a person uses to make decisions in the future. Since empathy involves understanding the emotional states of other people, the way it is characterized is derived from the way emotions themselves are characterized.
If, for example, emotions are taken to be centrally characterized by bodily feelings, then grasping the bodily feelings of another will be central to empathy. On the other hand, if emotions are more centrally characterized by a combination of beliefs and desires, then grasping these beliefs and desires will be more essential to empathy. The ability to imagine oneself as another person is a sophisticated imaginative process.
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However, the basic capacity to recognize emotions is probably innate [15] and may be achieved unconsciously. Yet it can be trained [16] and achieved with various degrees of intensity or accuracy. Empathy necessarily has a "more or less" quality. The paradigm case of an empathic interaction, however, involves a person communicating an accurate recognition of the significance of another person's ongoing intentional actions, associated emotional states, and personal characteristics in a manner that the recognized person can tolerate.
Recognitions that are both accurate and tolerable are central features of empathy.
The human capacity to recognize the bodily feelings of another is related to one's imitative capacities, and seems to be grounded in an innate capacity to associate the bodily movements and facial expressions one sees in another with the proprioceptive feelings of producing those corresponding movements or expressions oneself. Compassion and sympathy are terms associated with empathy. Definitions vary, contributing to the challenge of defining empathy.
Compassion is often defined as an emotion people feel when others are in need, which motivates people to help them. Sympathy is a feeling https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/calculus-on-manifolds-amazon/brazil-what-happened-with-its-promised-skyrocket.php care and understanding for someone in need. Some include in sympathy an empathic concerna feeling of concern for see more, in which some scholars include the wish to see Origisn better off or happier.
Empathy is distinct also from pity and emotional contagion. Emotional contagion is when a person especially an infant or a member of The Construct Of Narcissism And Its Origins mob imitatively "catches" the emotions that others are showing without necessarily recognizing this is happening. Alexithymia describes a deficiency in understanding, Narciissism or describing emotions in oneself, unlike empathy which is about someone else.
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Empathy is generally divided into two major components: [23]. Affective empathyalso called emotional empathy : [24] the capacity to respond with an appropriate emotion to another's mental The Construct Of Narcissism And Its Origins. Affective empathy can be subdivided into the Constuct scales: [23] [26]. Cognitive empathy : the capacity to understand another's perspective or mental state.
Although science has not yet agreed upon a precise definition of these constructs, there is consensus about this distinction. Cognitive empathy can be subdivided into the following scales: [23] [26]. Although measures of cognitive empathy include self-report questionnaires and behavioral measures, a meta analysis [38] found only a negligible Consstruct between self report and behavioral measures, suggesting that people are generally not able to accurately assess their own cognitive empathy abilities. An increasing number of studies in animal behavior and neuroscience indicate that empathy is not restricted to humans, and is in fact as old as the mammals, or perhaps older.]
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