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Separate, but Not Equal, Facilities

The Civil Rights Act ofwhich ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. First proposed by President John F. In subsequent years, Congress expanded the act and passed additional civil rights legislation such as the Voting Rights Act of Following the Civil Wara trio of constitutional amendments abolished slavery the 13 Amendmentmade the formerly enslaved people citizens 14 Amendment and gave all men the right to vote regardless of race 15 Amendment. Nonetheless, many states—particularly in the South—used poll taxes, literacy tests and other measures to keep their African American citizens essentially Segregation and Civil Rights.

For decades after Reconstructionthe U. Congress did not pass a single civil rights act. Finally, init established a civil rights section of the Justice Department, along with a Commission on Civil Rights to investigate discriminatory conditions. Three years later, Congress provided for court-appointed referees to help Black people register to vote. Both of these bills were strongly watered down to overcome southern resistance. When John F. Kennedy entered the White House inhe initially delayed supporting new anti-discrimination measures.

Enforcing Neighborhood Segregation in Seattle

But with protests springing up throughout the South—including one in Birmingham, Alabamawhere police brutally suppressed nonviolent demonstrators with dogs, clubs Segregation and Civil Rights high-pressure fire hoses—Kennedy decided to act. Johnson immediately took up the cause. During debate on the floor of the U. In a mischievous attempt to sabotage the bill, a Virginia segregationist introduced an amendment to Segregation and Civil Rights employment discrimination against women. That one passed, whereas over other hostile amendments were defeated. In the end, the House approved the bill with bipartisan support by a vote of The bill then moved to the U. Senate click the following article, where southern and border state Democrats staged a day filibuster—among the longest in U.

Having broken the filibuster, Civol Senate voted Segregxtion favor of the bill, and Johnson signed it into law on July 2, Under the Civil Rights Act ofsegregation on the grounds of race, religion or national origin was banned at all places of public accommodation, including courthouses, parks, restaurants, theaters, sports arenas and hotels. No longer could Black people and other minorities be denied service simply based on the color of their skin. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act barred race, religious, national origin and gender discrimination by employers and labor unions, and created an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission with the power to file lawsuits on behalf of aggrieved workers.

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Additionally, the act forbade the use of federal funds for any discriminatory program, authorized the Office of Education now the Department of Education to assist with school desegregation, gave extra clout to the Commission on Civil Rights and prohibited the unequal application of voting requirements. Civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. The Civil Rights Act was later expanded to bring disabled Americans, the elderly and https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/writing-practice-test-online/analysis-of-red-dawn-consisted-of-the.php in collegiate athletics under its umbrella.

It also paved Segregation and Civil Rights way for two major follow-up laws: the Voting Rights Act ofwhich prohibited Segrebation tests and other discriminatory voting practices, and the Fair Housing Act ofwhich banned discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of property. Though the struggle against racism would continue, legal segregation had been brought to its knees in the United States. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present.]