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When a man is married to more than one wife at the same time, sociologists call this polygyny. When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry.

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A marriage including multiple husbands and wives is a group marriage. In contrast to polygamy, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties. Like "monogamy", the term "polygamy" is often used in a de facto sense, applied regardless of whether a state recognizes the relationship. Worldwide, different societies variously encourage, accept or outlaw polygamy. In societies which allow or tolerate polygamy, in the vast majority of cases the form accepted is polygyny. According to the Ethnographic Atlas Codebookof 1, societies noted, had frequent polygyny, had occasional polygyny, were monogamous and 4 had polyandry [5] - although more recent research suggests that polyandry may occur more commonly than previously thought. From a legal point of view, in many countries, although the law only recognises monogamous marriages a person can only have one spouse, and bigamy is illegaladultery is not illegal, leading to a situation of de facto Ethnography The Recording And Analysis Of A being allowed, although without legal recognition for non-official "spouses".

Scientific studies classify the human mating system as primarily monogamous, with the cultural practice of polygamy in the minority, based both on surveys of world populations, [8] [9] and on characteristics of human reproductive physiology.

Polygyny, the practice wherein a man has more than one wife at the same time, is by far the most common form of polygamy. Many [ Anxlysis ] Muslim-majority countries and some countries with sizable Muslim minorities accept polygyny to varying extents both legally and culturally; some secular countries like India also accept it to varying degrees. Islamic law or sharia is a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition which allows polygyny. Polygyny is more widespread in Africa than on any other continent, [18] [19] especially https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/mormon-bank-utah/getting-published-for-the-first-time-is.php West Africaand some scholars see the slave trade 's impact on the male-to-female sex ratio as a key factor in the emergence Rrcording fortification of polygynous practices in regions of Africa.

Anthropologist Jack Goody 's comparative study of marriage around the world utilizing the Ethnographic Atlas demonstrated an historical correlation between the practice of extensive shifting horticulture and polygamy in the majority of sub-Saharan African societies.

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In some of the sparsely-populated regions where shifting cultivation takes place in Africa, women do much of the work. This favours polygamous marriages in which men seek to monopolize the production of women "who are valued both as workers and as child bearers".

Goody however, observes that the correlation is imperfect and varied, and also discusses more traditionally male-dominated though relatively extensive farming systems such as those that exist in much of West Africa, especially in the West African savannawhere more agricultural work is done by men, and where polygyny is desired by men more for the generation of male offspring whose labor is valued.]