Disability Discrimination And Americans With Disability Act - all became
Ableism characterizes persons who are defined by their disabilities as inferior to the non-disabled. Although ableism and disablism are both terms which describe disability discrimination, the emphasis for each of these terms is slightly different. Ableism is discrimination in favor of non-disabled people. Disablism is discrimination against disabled people. There are stereotypes which are either associated with disability in general, or they are associated with specific disabilities for instance the presumption that all disabled people want to be cured, the presumption that wheelchair users also have an intellectual disability or the presumption that blind people have some special form of insight. In ableist societies, disabled people are considered less valuable, or they are even seen as expendable. The eugenics movement of the early 20th century is considered an expression of widespread ableism. Ableism can also be better understood by reading literature which is written and published by those who experience disability and ableism first-hand. Disability Studies is an academic discipline which is also beneficial when non-disabled people pursue it in order to gain a better understanding of ableism. Originating from -able in disable, disabled and -ism in racism , sexism ; its first known use occurred in — Disability Discrimination And Americans With Disability Act
The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, State and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. It also applies to the United States Congress.
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To be protected by the ADA, one must have a disability or have a relationship or association with an individual with a disability. An individual with a disability is defined by the ADA as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a history or record of such an impairment, or a person who is perceived by others as having such an impairment. The ADA does not specifically name all of the impairments that are covered.
Title I requires employers with 15 or more employees to provide qualified individuals with disabilities an equal opportunity to benefit from the full range of employment-related opportunities available to others. For example, it prohibits discrimination in recruitment, hiring, promotions, training, pay, social activities, and other privileges of employment. It restricts questions that can be asked about an applicant's disability before a job offer is made, and it requires that employers make reasonable accommodation to the known physical or mental limitations of otherwise qualified individuals with disabilities, unless it results in undue hardship.
Religious entities with 15 or more employees are covered under title I. Title I complaints must be filed with the U. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC within days of the date of discrimination, Disability Discrimination And Americans With Disability Act days if the charge is filed with a designated State or local fair employment practice agency.
Individuals may file a lawsuit in Federal court only after they receive a "right-to-sue" letter from the EEOC. Charges of employment discrimination on the basis of disability may be filed at any U. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission field office. Field offices are located in 50 cities throughout the U. For information on how to accommodate a specific individual with a disability, contact the Job Accommodation Network at:.
INTRODUCTION
Title II covers all activities of State and local governments regardless of the government entity's size or receipt of Federal funding. Title II requires that State and local governments give people with disabilities an equal opportunity to benefit from all of their programs, services, and activities e. State and local governments are required to follow Didability architectural standards in the new construction and alteration of their buildings. They also must relocate programs or otherwise provide access in inaccessible older buildings, and communicate effectively with people who have hearing, vision, or speech disabilities. Public entities are not required to take actions that would result in undue financial and administrative burdens.
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They are required to make Disability Discrimination And Americans With Disability Act modifications to policies, practices, and procedures where necessary to avoid discrimination, unless they can demonstrate that doing so would fundamentally alter the nature of the service, program, or activity being provided. Complaints of title II violations may be filed with the Department of Justice within days of the date of discrimination. In certain situations, cases may be referred to a mediation program sponsored by the Department. The Department may bring a lawsuit where it has investigated a matter and has been unable to resolve violations. For more information, contact:. Disability Rights Section Washington, D. Title II may also be enforced through private lawsuits in Federal court. It is not necessary to file a complaint with the Department Brett Favre Justice DOJ or any other Federal agency, or to receive a "right-to-sue" letter, before going to court.
The transportation provisions of title II cover public transportation services, such as city buses and public rail transit e. Public transportation authorities may not discriminate against people with disabilities in the provision of their services. They must comply with requirements for accessibility in newly purchased vehicles, make good faith efforts to purchase or lease accessible used buses, remanufacture buses in an accessible manner, and, unless it would result in an undue burden, provide paratransit where they operate fixed-route bus or rail systems.]
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