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Meditation is a practice where an individual uses a technique — such as mindfulnessor focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity — to train attention and awarenessclick here achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state.

Meditation is practiced in numerous religious traditions. The earliest records of meditation dhyana are found in the ancient Indian texts known as the Vedasand meditation plays a salient role in the contemplative repertoire of Hinduism and Buddhism. Meditation may significantly reduce stressanxietydepressionand pain[8] and enhance peace, perception, [9] self-conceptand well-being. The English meditation is derived from Old French meditaciounin turn from Latin meditatio from a verb meditarimeaning "to think, contemplate, devise, ponder".

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Meditation has proven difficult to define as it covers a wide range of dissimilar practices in different traditions. In popular usage, the word "meditation" and the phrase "meditative practice" are often used imprecisely to designate practices found across many cultures. InClaudio Naranjo noted that "The Heealthy 'meditation' has been used to designate a variety of practices that differ enough from one another so that we may find trouble in defining what meditation is.

Dictionaries give both the original Latin meaning of "think[ing] deeply about something "; [6] as well as the popular usage of "focusing one's mind for a period of time", [6] "the act of giving your attention to only one thing, either as a religious activity or as a way of becoming calm and relaxed", [24] and "to engage in mental exercise such as concentrating on one's breathing or repetition 2Why We Must Practice A Healthy Lifestyle a mantra for the purpose of reaching a heightened level of spiritual awareness. In modern psychological research, meditation has been defined and characterized in a variety of ways.

Many of these emphasize the role of attention [4] [1] [2] [3] and characterize the practice of meditation as attempts to get beyond the reflexive, "discursive thinking" [note 1] or "logic" [note 2] mind [note 3] to achieve a deeper, more devout, or more relaxed state.

Bond et al.

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Several other definitions of meditation have been used by influential modern reviews of research on meditation across multiple traditions: [note 7]. Some of the difficulty in precisely defining meditation has been in recognizing the particularities of the many various traditions; [27] and theories and practice Mist differ within a tradition.

In the West, meditation techniques have sometimes been thought of in two broad categories: focused or concentrative meditation and open monitoring or mindfulness meditation. Direction of mental attention A practitioner can focus intensively on one particular object so-called concentrative meditationon all mental events that enter the field of awareness so-called mindfulness meditationor both specific focal points and the field of awareness.

Open monitoring methods include mindfulnessshikantaza and other awareness states.

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article source Practices using both methods [35] [36] [37] include vipassana which uses anapanasati as a preparationand samatha calm-abiding. In "No thought" methods, " the practitioner is fully alert, aware, and in control of their faculties but does not experience any unwanted thought activity. One proposal is that transcendental meditation and possibly other techniques be grouped as an "automatic self-transcending" set of techniques. The Transcendental Meditation technique recommends practice of 20 minutes twice per day. Asanas and positions such as the full-lotushalf-lotusBurmeseSeizaand kneeling positions are popular in Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism, [54] although other postures such as sitting, supine lyingand standing are also used.

Meditation is also sometimes done while walking, known as kinhinwhile doing a simple task mindfully, known 2Why We Must Practice A Healthy Lifestyle samu or while lying down known as savasana. Some religions have traditions of using prayer beads as tools in devotional meditation. The Hindu japa mala has beads the figure in itself having spiritual significanceas well as those used in Gaudiya Vaishnavismthe Hare Krishna traditionJainism and Buddhist prayer beads. There is also quite a variance when it comes to materials used for beads.

Beads made from seeds of rudraksha trees are considered sacred by devotees of Siva, while followers of Vishnu revere the wood that comes from the tulsi plant. The Buddhist literature has many stories of Enlightenment being attained through disciples being struck by their masters. According to T.]