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Ep 2: The Birds and The Bees The Potential Link Between Teen s Sexual.

The relationship between biology and sexual orientation is a subject of research.

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While scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientationthey theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetichormonaland environmental influences. Biological theories for explaining the causes of sexual orientation are favored by scientists.

The influence of hormones on the developing foetus has been the most influential causal hypothesis of the development of sexual orientation. The presence of the Y-chromosome in males prompts the development of testes, which release testosterone, the primary androgen receptor-activating hormone, to masculinize the fetus and fetal brain.

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This masculinising effect pushes males towards male typical brain structures, and most of the time, attraction to females. It has been hypothesized that gay men may have been exposed to little testosterone in key regions of the brain, or had different levels of receptivity to its masculinizing effects, or experienced fluctuations at critical times.

In women, it is hypothesized that high levels of exposure to testosterone in key regions may increase likelihood of same sex attraction. Lesbians on average, have significantly more masculine digit ratios, a finding which has been replicated numerous times in studies cross-culturally. Maternal immune responses during fetal development are strongly demonstrated as causing male homosexuality and bisexuality. During pregnancy, male cells enter a mother's bloodstream, which are foreign to her immune system.

In response, she develops antibodies to neutralize them. These antibodies are then released on future male foetuses and may neutralize Y-linked antigens, which play a role in brain masculinization, leaving areas of the brain responsible for sexual attraction in the female-typical position, or attracted to men.

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The more sons a mother has will increase the levels of these antibodies, thus creating the observed fraternal birth order effect. Biochemical evidence to support this effect was confirmed in a lab study infinding that mothers with a gay son, particularly those with older brothers, had heightened levels of antibodies to the NLGN4Y Y-protein than mothers with heterosexual sons. Michael Bailey has described maternal immune responses as "causal" of male homosexuality. Socialization theories, which were dominant in the s, favored the idea that children were born "undifferentiated" and were socialized into gender roles and sexual orientation.]