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February 2, A mitochondrial hormone expressed by cells deep in the brain appears to play a role in improving metabolism and fighting off obesity, according to a new study in mice. A collaboration between the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and researchers in South Korea has shown how moderate exercise prompts cells in the hypothalamus, the small region within the brain that controls metabolism, to release a hormone called MOTS-c. MOTS-c is a small protein that is encoded in cells' smaller mitochondrial genome, rather than the larger collection of genes in the nucleus, said Changhan David Lee, assistant professor of gerontology at the USC Leonard Davis School and co-senior author of the new study. Mitochondria, while more commonly known as the energy-producing parts of cells, have in recent years been found to play much bigger roles in health and aging by providing instructions for cellular processes. Subsequent studies by Lee and his colleagues have shown how mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c interacts with the nuclear genome and regulates cellular metabolism and stress responses. The new study also illustrates how stress in the mitochondria can promote healthy metabolism—when kept in careful balance. Existing research has shown how low-grade stress in mitochondria can promote health and longevity, a phenomenon termed mitohormesis, Lee said. The Mind And The Brain
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Rebecca Saxe: The Brain vs. The Mind
Subscriber Account active since. Free subscriber-exclusive audiobook! Neuralink has been testing neural interfaces on animals for years. In a video released last year, Neuralink demonstrated its work on a pig named Gertrude.
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The Neuralink device in a pig's brain transmitted data during a demo last year as the pig snuffled around. In that video, Neuralink demonstrated its ability to record and try to predict actions based on a wired chip implanted in Gertrude's brain. But Musk said the video-game-playing monkey got a wireless chip that enabled it to control an electronic interface with its mind only. The wireless bit is particularly important, as it could eliminate the potential for infection that comes with TThe protruding from organic material.
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Genetically tweaking human brains
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