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Hypatia [a] born c.

She was a prominent thinker of the Neoplatonic school in Alexandria where she taught philosophy and astronomy. She is known to have written a commentary on Diophantus 's thirteen-volume Arithmeticawhich may survive in part, having been The Legacy of the Ancient Roman Civilization into Diophantus's original text, and another commentary on Apollonius of Perga 's treatise on conic sectionswhich has not survived. Many modern scholars also believe that Hypatia may have edited the surviving text of Ptolemy 's Almagestbased on the title of her father Theon 's commentary on Book III of the Almagest. Hypatia is known to have constructed astrolabes and hydrometersbut did not invent either of these, which were both in use here before she was born. Although she herself was a paganshe was tolerant towards Christians and taught many Christian students, including Synesiusthe future bishop of Ptolemais.

Ancient sources record that Hypatia was widely beloved by pagans and Christians alike and that she established great influence with the political click here in Alexandria.

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Towards the end of her life, Hypatia advised Orestesthe Roman prefect of Alexandriawho was in the midst of a political feud with Cyrilthe bishop of Alexandria. Rumors spread accusing her of preventing Orestes from reconciling with Cyril and, in March AD, she was murdered by a mob of Christians led by a lector named Peter. Hypatia's murder shocked the empire and transformed her into a " martyr for philosophy", leading future Neoplatonists such as Damascius to become increasingly fervent in their opposition to Christianity. During the Middle AgesHypatia was co-opted as a symbol of Christian virtue and scholars believe she was part of the basis for the legend of Saint Catherine of Alexandria.

Louis-François Cassas

During the Age of Enlightenmentshe became a symbol of opposition to Catholicism. In the nineteenth century, European literature, especially Charles Kingsley 's novel Hypatiaromanticized her as "the last of the Hellenes ". In the twentieth century, Hypatia became seen as an icon for women's rights and a precursor to the feminist movement.

Since the late twentieth century, some portrayals have associated Hypatia's death with the destruction of the Thf of Alexandriadespite the historical fact that the library no longer existed during Hypatia's lifetime. Hypatia was the daughter of the mathematician Theon of Alexandria The Legacy of the Ancient Roman Civilization. WattsTheon was the head of a school called the "Mouseion", which was named in emulation Civilizayion the Hellenistic Mouseion[13] whose membership had ceased in the s AD. Theon rejected the teachings of Iamblichus and may have taken pride in teaching a pure, Plotinian Neoplatonism.

Nothing is known about Hypatia's mother, who is never mentioned in any of the extant sources. According to a description of Hypatia from the lost work Life of Isidore by the Neoplatonist historian Damascius c.

Hoche reasoned that Damascius's description of her physical beauty Romn imply that she was at most 30 at that time, and the year was 30 years Civilizatio to the midpoint of Arcadius's reign. Hypatia was a Neoplatonist, but, like her father, she rejected the teachings of Iamblichus and instead embraced the original Neoplatonism formulated by Plotinus. According to Watts, two main varieties of Neoplatonism were taught in Alexandria during the late fourth century.

The first was the overtly pagan religious Neoplatonism taught at the Serapeumwhich was greatly influenced by the teachings of Iamblichus. We have seen and heard for ourselves she Anciemt honorably presides over the mysteries of philosophy. The Christian historian Socrates of Constantinoplea A Interview On The Health Of Nurse of Hypatia, describes her in his Ecclesiastical History : [19]. There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explained the The Legacy of the Ancient Roman Civilization of philosophy to her auditors, many of whom came from a distance to receive her instructions. On account of the self-possession and ease of manner which she had acquired in consequence of the cultivation of her mind, she not infrequently appeared in public in the presence of the magistrates.

Neither did she feel abashed in going to an assembly of men. For all men on account of her extraordinary dignity and virtue admired her the more. Philostorgiusanother Christian historian, who was also a contemporary of Hypatia, states that she excelled her father in mathematics [44] and the lexicographer Hesychius of Alexandria records that, like her father, she was also an extraordinarily talented astronomer. From —the bishop of Alexandria was Theophilus. Theophilus died unexpectedly in Cyril won and immediately began to punish those who had supported Timothy; he closed the churches of the Novatianistswho had supported Timothy, and confiscated their property.]