The Expansion Of The Spanish Empire - amazonia.fiocruz.br

From the late 15th century to the early 19th century, Spain controlled a huge overseas Tne in the New Worldthe Southeast Asian archipelago of the Philippineswhat they called "The Indies" Spanish : Las Indias and territories in Europe centering on the so-called Spanish RoadAfrica and Oceania. Castile became the dominant kingdom in Iberia because of its jurisdiction over the overseas empire in the Americas and the Philippines.

Although the power of the Spanish sovereign as monarch varied from one territory to another, the monarch acted as such in a unitary manner [14] over all the ruler's territories through a system of councils : the unity did not mean uniformity. The Spanish empire in the Americas was formed after conquering indigenous empires and claiming large stretches of landbeginning with Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean Islands.

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In the early 16th century, it conquered and incorporated the Aztec and Inca empires, retaining indigenous The Expansion Of The Spanish Empire loyal to the Spanish crown and converts to Christianity as intermediaries between their communities and royal government. The Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation —the first circumnavigation of the Earth—laid the foundation for the Pacific oceanic empire of Spain and began the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. The structure of governance of its overseas empire was significantly reformed in the late 18th century by the Bourbon monarchs. Although the crown attempted to keep its empire a closed economic system under Habsburg rule, Spain was unable to supply the Indies with sufficient consumer goods to meet demand, so that foreign merchants from Genoa, France, England, Germany, and the Netherlands dominated the trade, with silver from the mines of Peru and Mexico flowing to other parts of Europe.

The merchant guild of Seville later Cadiz served as middlemen in the trade.

The crown's trade monopoly was broken early in the 17th century, with the crown colluding with the merchant guild for fiscal reasons in circumventing the supposedly closed system. In the 17th century, the diversion of silver revenue to pay for Source consumer goods and the rising costs of defense of its empire meant that "tangible benefits of America to Spain were dwindling The Bourbons had inherited "an empire invaded by rivals, an economy shorn of manufactures, a crown deprived of revenue In the process, they gained Thhe revenue and lost an empire. Spain experienced its greatest territorial losses during the early 19th century, when its colonies in the Americas began fighting for independence. In Spanish America among the legacies of its relationship with Iberia, Spanish is the dominant language, Catholicism the main religion, and political traditions of representative The Expansion Of The Spanish Empire can be traced to the Spanish Constitution of In conjunction with the Portuguese Empirethe Spanish Thhe establishment in the 15th century ushered in the modern global era and the rise of European dominance in global affairs.

With the marriage of the heirs apparent to their respective thrones Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile created a personal union that most scholars view as the foundation of the Spanish monarchy. The union of Castile and Aragon united the economic and military power of Iberia under one dynasty. Their dynastic alliance was important for a number of reasons, ruling jointly over a large aggregation of territories although not in a unitary fashion.]