The autism spectrum encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism and Asperger syndromegenerally known as autism spectrum disorders ASD. Individuals on the autistic spectrum experience difficulties with social communication and interaction and also exhibit restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Symptoms are typically recognized between one and two years of age in boys. Final diagnosis could still be given as an adolescent or even as an adult. The cause of autism spectrum conditions is uncertain.
Treatment efforts are generally individualized and can include behavioural therapy and the teaching of coping skills. Autism forms the core of the autism spectrum disorders. Asperger syndrome is closest to autism in signs and likely causes; [20] unlike autism, people with Asperger syndrome have no significant delay in language development or cognitive developmentaccording to the older DSM-IV criteria.
Some sources also include Rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorderwhich share several signs with autism but may have unrelated causes; other sources differentiate them from ASD, but group all of the above conditions into the pervasive developmental disorders. Autism, Asperger syndrome, and PDD-NOS are sometimes called the autistic disorders instead of ASD, [23] whereas autism itself is often called autistic disorderchildhood autism read more, or infantile autism. Slightly different diagnostic definitions are used in other countries. Rather than categorizing these diagnoses, the DSM-5 has adopted a dimensional approach to diagnosing disorders that fall underneath the autism spectrum umbrella.
Some have proposed that individuals on the autism spectrum may be better represented as a single diagnostic category. Within this category, the DSM-5 has proposed a framework of differentiating each individual by dimensions of severity, as well as associated features i.
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Another change to the DSM includes collapsing social and communication deficits into one domain. The restricting of onset age has also been loosened from 3 years of age to "early developmental period", with a note that symptoms may manifest later when social demands exceed capabilities. Autism spectrum disorder ASD is characterized by persistent challenges with social communication and social interaction, and by the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These include a range of gestures and behaviors as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual for Mental Disorders.
Asperger syndrome was distinguished from autism in the DSM-IV by the lack of delay or deviance in early language development. Most parents report that the onset of autism symptoms occur within the first year of life.
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One course of development is more gradual in nature, in which The Characteristics Of Autism Spectrum Disorders Asd report concerns in development over the first two years of life and diagnosis is made around 3—4 years of age. Some of the early signs of ASDs in this course include decreased looking at faces, failure to turn when name is called, failure to show interests by showing or pointing, and delayed imaginative play.
A second course of development is characterized by normal or near-normal development in the first 15 months to 3 years before onset of regression or loss of skills. Regression may occur in a variety of domains, including communication, social, cognitive, and self-help skills; however, the most common regression is loss of language. There continues to be a debate over the differential outcomes based on these two developmental courses. Some studies suggest that regression is associated with click here outcomes and others report no differences between those with early gradual onset and those who experience a regression period. Impairments in social skills present many challenges for individuals with ASD. Deficits in social skills may lead to problems with friendships, romantic relationships, daily living, and vocational success. Prior todeficits in social function and communication were considered two separate symptoms of autism.
Communication deficits are due to problems with social-emotional skills like joint attention and social reciprocity.
Difficulties with nonverbal communication skills such as poor eye contact, and impaired use of proper facial expressions and gestures are common.]
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