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Curious: Motivation to Work Well Depends More Than

Its biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. Biochemically, the indoleamine molecule derives from the amino acid tryptophanvia the rate-limiting hydroxylation of the 5 position on the ring forming the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophanand then decarboxylation to produce serotonin. However, it is also produced in the central nervous system CNSspecifically in the Raphe nuclei located in the brainstemMerkel cells located in the skin and taste receptor cells in the tongue.

Additionally, serotonin is stored in blood platelets and is released during agitation and vasoconstriction, where it then acts as an agonist read more other platelets.

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These include the regulation of moodappetiteand sleep. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning.

Several classes of antidepressantssuch as the SSRIs and the SNRIs among others, interfere with the normal reabsorption of serotonin after it is done with the transmission of the signal, therefore augmenting the neurotransmitter levels in the synapses. Serotonin secreted Depeds the enterochromaffin cells https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/essay/is-lafayette-a-hidden-ivy/a-lesson-before-dying-essay.php finds its way out of tissues into the blood.

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There, it is actively taken up by blood plateletswhich store it. When the platelets bind to a clot, they release serotonin, where it can serve as a vasoconstrictor or a vasodilator while regulating hemostasis and blood clotting.

In high concentrations, serotonin acts as a vasoconstrictor by contracting endothelial smooth muscle directly or by potentiating the effects of other vasoconstrictors e. The vasoconstrictive property is mostly seen in pathologic states affecting the endothelium — such as atherosclerosis or chronic hypertension.

In physiologic states, vasodilation occurs through the serotonin mediated release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells. Additionally, it inhibits the release of norepinephrine from adrenergic nerves. There are various serotonin receptors. Serotonin is metabolized mainly to 5-HIAAchiefly by the liver. Metabolism involves first oxidation by monoamine oxidase to the corresponding aldehyde.

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The rate-limiting step is hydride transfer from serotonin to the flavin cofactor. The latter is then excreted by the kidneys. Besides mammals, serotonin is found in all bilateral animals including worms and insects, [18] as well Motivation to Work Well Depends More Than in fungi and in plants. Serotonin's presence in insect venoms and plant spines serves to cause pain, which is a side-effect of serotonin injection.

Serotonin is also present in plants as phytoserotonin. Serotonin mediates the animal's perceptions of resources; in Mote complex animals, such as some invertebratesresources simply mean food availability. In humans, serotonin is a neurotransmitter used throughout the body having action of 14 variants of the serotonin receptor to have diverse effects on mood, anxiety, sleep, appetite, temperature, eating behaviour, sexual behaviour, movements, and gastrointestinal motility.]