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Catholicism portal. An immensely influential philosopher , theologian , and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism , he is also known within the latter as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis. He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology and the father of Thomism ; of which he argued that reason is found in God. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy developed or opposed his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law , metaphysics , and political theory. Unlike many currents in the Catholic Church of the time, [12] Thomas embraced several ideas put forward by Aristotle —whom he called "the Philosopher"—and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity. His best-known works are the Disputed Questions on Truth — , the Summa contra Gentiles — , and the unfinished but massively influential Summa Theologica a. Summa Theologiae — His commentaries on Scripture and on Aristotle also form an important part of his body of work. Furthermore, Thomas is distinguished for his eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the church's liturgy.

His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianityand he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. According to his contemporary, JeromeAugustine "established anew the ancient Faith". After his conversion to Christianity and baptism inAugustine developed his own approach to philosophy and theology, accommodating a variety of methods and perspectives. The segment of the Church that adhered to the concept of the Trinity as defined by the Council of Nicaea and the Council of Constantinople [25] closely identified with Augustine's On the Trinity. He is also a preeminent Catholic Doctor of the Church and the patron of Comparison Of John Finnis And AquinasNatural Law Augustinians. His memorial is celebrated on 28 August, the day of his death.

Augustine is the patron saint of brewers, printers, theologians, and a number of cities and dioceses. Luther was, from toa member of the Order of the Augustinian Eremites. In the Easthis teachings are more disputed and were notably attacked by John Romanides.

Hippo Regiuswhere Augustine was the bishopwas in modern-day AnnabaAlgeria. Scholars generally agree Augustine and his family were Berbersan ethnic group indigenous to North Africa, [50] [51] [52] but were heavily Romanized, speaking only Latin at home as a matter of pride and dignity. For example, he refers to Apuleius as "the most notorious of us Africans," [50] [53] to Ponticianus as "a country man of ours, insofar as being African," [50] [54] and to Faustus of Mileve as "an African Gentleman ".

Augustine's family name, Aurelius, suggests his father's Comparison Of John Finnis And AquinasNatural Law were freedmen of the gens Aurelia given full Roman citizenship by the Edict of Caracalla in Augustine's family had been Roman, from a legal standpoint, for at least a century when he was born.

There he became familiar with Latin literatureas well as pagan beliefs and practices. He tells this story in his autobiography, The Confessions. He remembers he stole the fruit, not because he was hungry, but because "it was not permitted. I loved my own error—not that for which I erred, but the error more info. At the age of 17, through the generosity of his fellow citizen Romanianus, [61] Augustine went to Carthage to continue his education in rhetoricthough it was above the financial means of his family.

The need to gain their acceptance forced inexperienced boys like Augustine to seek or make up stories about sexual experiences. It was while he was a student in Carthage that he read Cicero 's dialogue Hortensius now lostwhich he described Aquinasatural leaving a lasting impression, enkindling in his heart the love of wisdom Lzw a great thirst for truth. It started his interest in philosophy. Comparison Of John Finnis And AquinasNatural Law about the age of 17, Augustine began a relationship with a young woman in Carthage.

Though his mother wanted him to marry a Finnie of his class, the woman remained his lover [66] for over fifteen years [67] and gave birth to his son Adeodatus —which means "Gift from God", [68] who was viewed as extremely intelligent by his contemporaries. InAugustine ended his relationship with his lover in order source prepare to marry a ten-year-old heiress.

He had to wait for two years because the legal age of marriage for women was twelve. By the time he was able to marry her, however, he had decided to become a Catholic priest and the marriage did not happen.

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Augustine was from the beginning a brilliant student, with an eager intellectual curiosity, but he never mastered Greek [70] — he tells us his first Greek teacher was a brutal man who constantly beat his students, and Augustine rebelled and refused to study. By click here time he realized he needed to know Greek, it was too late; and although he acquired a smattering of the Conparison, he was never eloquent with it.

However, his mastery of Latin was another matter. He became an expert both in the eloquent use of the language and in the use of clever arguments to make his points. Augustine taught grammar at Thagaste during and The following year he moved to Carthage to conduct a school of rhetoric and remained there for the next nine years.

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However, Augustine was disappointed with the apathetic reception. It was the custom for students to pay their fees to the professor on the last day of the term, and many students attended faithfully all term, and then did not pay. Manichaean friends introduced him to the prefect of the City of Rome, Symmachuswho had been asked by the imperial court at Milan [20] to provide a rhetoric professor. Augustine won the job and headed north to take his position in Milan in late ]