Human Rights in Afghanistan - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Human Rights in Afghanistan Video

Human rights in Afghanistan is a topic of some controversy and read article. While the Taliban were Human Rights in Afghanistan known for numerous human rights abuses, several human rights violations continue to take place in the post-Taliban government era. Afghanistan has an interesting strong human rights framework within its constitution. A bill of rights is enshrined in chapter two of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's constitution. The right to life and liberty are constitutionally protected as are the right to a fair trial and the presumption of innocence for all persons. This gives the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan a strong human rights framework that is guaranteed to all citizens.

Afghan security forces and its intelligence agency have been accused of committing grave human right violation like enforced disappearancesextrajudicial killings and torture of suspects. Moreover, Afghan security forces and Afghan air force have also Human Rights in Afghanistan involved in killing civilians in ground operations as well as in air strikes.

Under the monarchy of Zahir Shahhuman rights were usually respected. The Press Law which was implemented in Julygave considerable freedom to the press for the first time.

The communist Khalq republic that governed Afghanistan after the Saur Revolution in was brutal, vigorously suppressing opposition. The government abducted and executed thousands of prisoners, rural civilian dissidents. New leader Babrak Karmal promised to end the Khalq's brutality, which it partly did, but human rights abuses still continued.

The government along with the Soviets during the Soviet—Afghan War intentionally targeted civilian settlements in rural areas.

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Under President Mohammad Najibullah 's reforms, freedom of expression was further improved but human rights overall remained restricted. In the s, many atrocities were committed by various militias against civilians. Indiscriminate rocket attacks during the Battle of Kabulespecially those by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 's militia, killed thousands of civilians. The Talibanin power fromimposed strong restrictions on women, performed public executions, and prevented international aid from entering the country Afghanietan starving civilians.

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The Bonn Agreement of established the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission AIHRC as a national human rights institution to protect and promote human rights and to investigate human rights abuses and war crimes. While the Human Rights in Afghanistan turmoil, violence and reconstruction efforts often make it difficult to get an accurate sense of what is going on, various reports from NGOs have accused various branches of the Afghan government of engaging in human rights violations.

There have also been various human rights abuses by American soldiers on Afghan civilians, most notably in the Baghram prisons where innocent civilians endured torture, humiliating conditions, and inhumane treatment. The United States was heavily criticized for lenient sentencing for the soldiers responsible. It found those held by police or intelligence services were subjected to beatings, removal of toenails and electric shocks. Several elections have been held in Afghanistan since The most recent election was held 18 SeptemberHuman Rights in Afghanistan the National Assembly with a reported 2, candidates competing for seats.

During the elections [16] the Taliban attacked many of those involved, killing 11 civilians and 3 Afghan National Policemen in over attacks on the polls. Afghanistan has two dominant justice systems: the formal state system and the continue reading traditional system.

Supreme Court, National Security Court dealing with terrorism related casesfirst and second instance courts, "jirga" and "shura"-traditional institutions are operating. The National Directorate of Security NDSAfghanistan's national security agency, has been accused of running its own prisons, torturing suspects, and harassing journalists.

It has also been accused of deliberately killing civilians during its raids.

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The security forces of local militias, which also have their own prisons, have been accused of torture and arbitrary killings. Warlords in the north have used property destruction, rape, and murder to discourage displaced Pashtuns from reclaiming their homes. Child labor and human trafficking remain common outside Kabul. Civilians frequently have been killed in battles between warlord forces.]