Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture - amazonia.fiocruz.br

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That part of Gothic architecture , widespread in Northern Germany , Denmark , Poland and the Baltic states , is commonly identified with the sphere of influence of the Hanseatic League. But there is a continuous mega-region of Gothic brick architecture, or Brick Gothic in a sense based on the facts, from the Strait of Dover to Finland and Lake Peipus and to the Sub Carpathian region of southeastern Poland and southwestern Ukraine. Out of northern Germany and the Baltic region, the term Brick Gothic is adequately applied as well. The region around the Baltic Sea, including Northern Germany, has some typical characteristics, but there are also regional and social differences, such as between the churches of medieval big cities and those of the neighbouring villages. On the other hand, a significant number of Gothic brick buildings erected near the Baltic Sea could also have been built in the Netherlands or in Flanders , and vice versa. Furthermore, Gothic brick structures have also been erected in other regions, such as northern Italy, southwestern and central France, and in the Danubian area of southern Germany. Quite late began the medieval use of brick in England, with the Tudor Style. The true extent of northern Brick Gothic and other Gothic brick architecture is shown by this almost complete list. This list will never be complete. Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture.

French Gothic architecture is an architectural style which emerged in France inand was dominant until the midth century. Its main characteristics were Gothoc search for verticality, or height, and the innovative use of the rib vault and flying buttresses and other architectural innovations to distribute the weight of the stone structures to supports on the outside, allowing link height and volume, The new techniques also permitted the addition of larger windows, including enormous stained glass windows, which filled the cathedrals with light.

San Lorenzo in San Pietro, Montalcino

The French style was widely copied in other parts of northern Europe, particularly Germany and England. It was gradually supplanted as the dominant French style in the midth century by French Renaissance architecture.

During the reign of Louis VI of France —Paris was the principal residence of the Kings of France, Reims the place of coronation, and the Abbey of Saint-Denis became their ceremonial burial place. He oversaw the reconstruction of the ambulatory of Saint-Denis, making it the first and most influential example Romanesqur Gothic architecture in France.

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Over the later course of the Capetian dynasty tothree Kings: Philip Augustus —Louis IX of France — source, and Philip le Bel —established France as the major economic and political power on the Continent. The period also saw the founding of the University of Paris or Sorbonne. It produced the High Gothic and the Flamboyant Gothic styles, and the construction of some of the most famous cathedrals, including Chartres CathedralReims Cathedraland Architectur Cathedral. Basilica of Saint Deniswest facade — Ambulatory of Basilica of Saint-Denis — Flying buttress at Notre Dame Cathedral — Just to the west of the original church, he began building a new structure with two towers, and then, from tohe began Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture reconstruct the old church.

Most of his modifications were traditional, but he made one remarkable innovation; he decided to create a new choir at the east end of the building, Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture the pointed arch and the rib vault in the construction of the choir and the ambulatory with radiating chapels. The use of rib vaults, and buttresses outside supporting the walls, allowed the elimination of the traditional walls between the chapels, and the installation of large stained glass windows.

This gave Rojanesque ambulatory a striking openness, light, and greater height.

★ Romanesque architecture in Tuscany

The builders then constructed the nave of the church, also using rib vaults. It was constructed in four levels; the arcades on the ground floor whose two rows of columns received the ribs of the ceiling vaults; the tribune above it, a gallery which concealed the massive contreforts or buttresses which pressed against the walls; the triforiumanother, narrower gallery; and, just below the ceiling, the claire-voie or clerestoreywhere the windows were located. The resulting greater height and light differed dramatically from the heaviness of Romanesque architecture. On the facade of the church, Suger introduced another innovation; he used columns in the form of statues of saints to decorate the portal of the church, adding a new element of verticality to the facade. This idea too was soon copied in new cathedrals.

The first cathedral constructed in the new style was Sens Cathedralbegun between and and consecrated in Sens Cathedral was soon was soon followed by Senlis Cathedral begunand the most prominent of all, Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris begun Their builders abandoned the traditional plans and introduced the new Gothic elements. The builders of Notre Dame went further by introducing the flying buttress, heavy columns of support outside the walls connected by arches to the walls, which received Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture counterbalanced the thrust from the rib vaults of the roof. This allowed the builders to construct higher walls and larger windows. Rose window and facade of Chartres Cathedral — Bourges Cathedral with flying Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture — Reims Cathedral from the northwest — Facade of Amiens Cathedral — At Chartres, the use of the flying buttresses allowed the elimination of the tribune level, which allowed much higher arcades and nave, and Gothic Architecture Romanesque Architecture windows.

The pillars were made of a central column surrounded by four more slender columns, which reached up to support the arches of the vaulted ceiling.

The rib vault changed from six to four ribs, simpler and stronger. The flying buttresses at Amiens and Chartes were strengthened by an additional arch and with a supporting arcade, allowing even higher walls and more windows. At Reims, the buttresses were given greater weight and strength by the addition of heavy stone pinnacles on top.

These were often decorated with statues of angels, and became an important decorative element of the High Gothic style. Another practical and decorative element, the gargoyleappeared; it was an ornamental rain spout that channeled the water from the roof away from the building.

At Amiens, the windows of the nave were made larger, and an additional row of clear glass windows the claire-voie flooded the interior with light.]