Ethical Theory The Philosophical Study Of Morality - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Ethical Theory The Philosophical Study Of Morality Video

Normative ethics is the study of ethical behaviour, and is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the questions that arise regarding how one ought to act, in a moral sense. Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics in that the former examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions, whereas the latter studies the meaning of moral language and the metaphysics of moral facts.

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Likewise, normative ethics is distinct from applied ethics in that the former is more concerned with 'who ought one be' rather than the ethics of a specific issue e. In this context normative ethics is sometimes called prescriptiveas opposed to descriptive ethics. Oc, on certain versions of the meta-ethical view of moral realismmoral facts are both descriptive and prescriptive at the Ethical Theory The Philosophical Study Of Morality time. Most traditional moral theories rest on principles that determine whether an action is right or wrong.

Classical theories in this vein include utilitarianismStueyand some forms of contractarianism. These theories mainly offered the use of overarching moral principles to resolve difficult moral decisions. There are disagreements about what precisely gives an action, rule, or disposition its ethical force. There are three competing views on how moral questions should be answered, go here with hybrid positions that combine some elements of each:.

The former focuses on the character of those who are acting.

In contrast, both deontological ethics and consequentialism focus on the status of the action, rule, or disposition itself, and come in various forms. Virtue ethics, advocated by Aristotle with some aspects being supported by Saint Thomas Aquinasfocuses on the inherent character of a person rather than on Pilosophical actions.

Deontology argues that decisions should be made considering the factors of one's duties and one's rights. Some deontological theories include:. Consequentialism argues that the morality of an action is contingent on the action's outcome or result. Consequentialist theories, varying in what they consider to be valuable i. It can be unclear what it means to say that a person "ought to do X because it is moral, whether they like it or not.

For instance, G. Anscombe worries that "ought" Mlrality become "a word of mere mesmeric force.

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British ethicist Philippa Foot elaborates that morality does not seem to have any special binding force, and she clarifies that people only behave morally when motivated by other factors. Foot says "People talk, for instance, about the 'binding force' of morality, but it is not clear what this means if not that we feel ourselves unable to escape. Morality may therefore have no binding force beyond regular human motivations, and people must be motivated to behave morally.]