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We use cookies to improve your experience on our website. By using our website you consent to all cookies in accordance with our updated Cookie Notice. There is an urgent need for global stakeholders to cooperate in simultaneously managing the direct consequences of the COVID crisis. The Covid crisis, and the political, economic and social disruptions it has caused, is fundamentally changing the traditional context for decision-making. The inconsistencies, inadequacies and contradictions of multiple systems —from health and financial to energy and education — are more exposed than ever amidst a global context of concern for lives, livelihoods and the planet. Leaders find themselves at a historic crossroads, managing short-term pressures against medium- and long-term uncertainties. A Better Understanding Of The Great Mexican

Today, it is a global language with nearly million native speakers, mainly in Spain and the Americas. It is the world's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese, [3] [4] and the world's fourth-most spoken language overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi. Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages of the Indo-European language familywhich evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.

The context

The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century, [5] and the first systematic written use of the language can be traced back to the Kingdom of Castile in the 13th century. Modern Spanish was then taken to the viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire beginning inmost notably to the Americasas well as territories in Africa and the Philippines.

Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nationsand it is also used as an official language by the European Union, the Organization of American Statesthe Union of South Click Nationsthe Community of Latin American and Caribbean Statesthe African Union and many other international organizations.

Article III reads as follows:. Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State. The other Spanish languages shall also be official in their respective Autonomous Communities The term castellano comes from the Latin word castellanuswhich means "of or pertaining to a fort or castle ".

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It comes from the Latin name of the province of Hispania that included the current territory of the Iberian Peninsula. There are other hypotheses apart from the one suggested by the Royal Spanish Academy.

Previously, several pre-Roman languages also called Paleohispanic languages —some related to Latin via Indo-European, and some that are not related at all—were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula. These languages included Basque still spoken todayIberianCeltiberian A Better Understanding Of The Great Mexican Gallaecian. The first documents to show traces of what is today regarded as the precursor of modern Spanish are from the 9th century. Spanish also borrowed a considerable number of words from Arabicas well as a minor influence from the Germanic Gothic language through the migration of tribes and a period of Visigoth rule in Iberia. In addition, many more words were borrowed from Latin through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church. The loanwords were taken from both Classical Latin and Renaissance Latinthe form of Latin in use at that time.

Click at this page diphthongization of Latin stressed short e and o —which occurred in open syllables in French and Italian, but not at all in Catalan or Portuguese—is found in both open and closed syllables in Spanish, as shown in the following table:.

In early Spanish but not in Catalan or Portuguese it merged with the consonant written b a bilabial with plosive and fricative allophones. In modern Spanish, there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic b and vwith some exceptions in Caribbean Spanish. Peculiar to Spanish as well as to the neighboring Gascon dialect of Occitanand attributed to a Basque substratum was the mutation of Latin initial f into h- whenever it was followed by a vowel that did not diphthongize.

The h-still preserved in spelling, is now silent in most varieties of the language, although in some Andalusian and Caribbean dialects it is still aspirated in some words. Some consonant clusters of Latin also produced characteristically different results in these languages, as shown in the examples in the following table:. From the sixteenth century onwards, the language was taken to the Spanish-discovered America and the Spanish East Indies via Spanish colonization of America. Miguel de Cervantesauthor of Don Quixoteis such a well-known reference in the world that Spanish is often called la lengua de Cervantes "the language of Cervantes". For A Better Understanding Of The Great Mexican on borrowed words and other external influences upon Spanish, see Influences on the Spanish language. Spanish is the primary language in 20 countries worldwide. As ofit is estimated that about million people speak Spanish as a native languagemaking it the second most spoken language by number of native speakers.

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An additional 75 million speak Spanish as a second or foreign languagemaking it the fourth most spoken language in the world overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi with a total number of million speakers. In EuropeSpanish is an official language of Spainthe country after which it is named and from which it originated. It is also widely spoken as a second language in Gibraltar and Andorra. Spanish is also spoken by small communities in other European countries, such as the United KingdomFranceItalyand Germany. Most Spanish speakers Graet in A Better Understanding Of The Great Mexican America ; of all countries with a majority of Spanish speakers, only Spain and Equatorial Guinea are outside the Americas. Due to their proximity to Spanish-speaking countries, Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil have implemented Spanish language teaching into their education systems.]