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Mexico : servicemen killed and missing [18] 4, Federal, State, and Municipal Police killed [19] 66 members killed of the Grupos de Autodefensa Comunitaria [20] Popular Revolutionary Army :. When the Mexican military began to intervene inthe government's principal goal was to reduce drug-related violence.

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Due to his arrest, the alliance broke and certain high-ranking members formed their own cartels and each of them fought for control of territory and trafficking routes. Federal law enforcement has been reorganized at least five times since Effevts various attempts to control continue reading and reduce cartel violence.

During that same period, there have been at least four elite special forces created as new, corruption-free soldiers who could do battle with Mexico's endemic bribery system. Due to its location, Mexico has long been used as a staging and transhipment point for narcotics and contraband between Latin America and U. Mexican bootleggers supplied alcohol to the United States gangsters throughout the duration of the Prohibition in the United States[35] and the onset of the illegal drug trade with the U. During the s and early s, Colombia 's Pablo Escobar was the main exporter of cocaine and dealt with organized criminal networks all over the world.

When enforcement efforts intensified in South Florida and the Caribbean, the Colombian organizations formed partnerships with the Mexico-based traffickers to transport cocaine by land through Mexico into the United States. This was easily accomplished because Mexico had long Understanding Gang Violence And Its Effects On a major source of heroin and cannabisand drug traffickers from Mexico had already established an infrastructure that stood ready to serve the Colombia-based traffickers. By the mids, the organizations from Mexico were well-established and reliable Understanding Gang Violence And Its Effects On of Colombian cocaine. At first, the Mexican gangs were paid in cash for their transportation services, Gan in the late s, the Mexican transport organizations and Unerstanding Colombian drug traffickers settled on a payment-in-product arrangement.

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This arrangement meant that organizations from Mexico became involved in the distribution, as well as the transportation of cocaine, and became formidable traffickers in their own right. In recent years, the Sinaloa Cartel and the Gulf Cartel have taken over trafficking cocaine from Colombia to the worldwide markets.

The balance of power between the various Mexican cartels continually shifts as new organizations emerge and older ones weaken and collapse. A disruption in the system, such as the arrests or deaths of cartel leaders, generates bloodshed as rivals move in to exploit the power vacuum. While many factors have contributed to the escalating violence, security analysts in Mexico City trace the origins of the rising scourge to the unraveling of a longtime implicit arrangement between narcotics traffickers and governments controlled by the Institutional Revolutionary Party PRIwhich began to lose its grip on political power in the late s.

The dominant PRI party ruled Mexico for around 70 years until During this time, drug cartels expanded their power and corruption, and anti-drug operations focused mainly on destroying marijuana and opium crops in mountainous regions. There were no large-scale high-profile military operations against their core structures in Understanding Gang Violence And Its Effects On areas until the Mexican electionwhen the right-wing PAN party gained the presidency and started a crackdown on cartels in their own turf.

In the year Vicente Fox, from the right-wing PAN party, became the first Mexican president not to be from the PRI party that ruled Mexico for 70 years ; his presidency passed with relative peace, having a crime index not too different from that of previous administrations, and Mexican public opinion was mainly optimistic with the regime change, with Mexico even showing a general decline in homicide rates from to During this time, the Mexican criminal underworld was not widely known, as it later became with president Calderon and his war on drugs. Key components of the upcoming conflict started to occur, like the Sinaloa Cartel attacks and advance on the Gulf Cartel's main turf in Tamaulipas. It is estimated that in the first 8 months of link January and August about people died in Nuevo LaredoTamaulipas as a result of the fighting between the Gulf and Sinaloa cartels.

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This action is regarded as the first major retaliation made against the cartel violence, and is generally viewed as the starting point of the Mexican drug war between the government and Violebce drug cartels. The government was relatively successful in detaining drug lords; however, drug-related violence spiked high in contested area along the U. Some analysts, like U. However, in the first 14 months of his administration, between December and January23, people died in the conflict.

In Mexico saw the rise of the controversial Grupos de Autodefensa Comunitaria self-defence groups in southern Mexico, para-military groups led by land-owners, ranchers and other rural businessmen that took up arms against the criminal groups that wanted to impose dominance in their towns, entering a new phase in the Mexican war on drugs. In Decemberthe Law of Internal Security was passed by legislation but was met with criticism, especially from the National Human Rights Commissionaccusing it gave the President a blank check.]