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Matriarchy is a social system in which females most notably in mammals hold the primary power positions in roles of political leadership, moral authoritysocial privilege and control of property.

While those definitions apply in general English, definitions specific to the disciplines of anthropology and feminism differ in some respects. Most anthropologists hold that there are no known anthropological societies that are unambiguously matriarchalbut some authors believe exceptions may exist currently or may have existed in the past. Matriarchies may also be confused with matrilinealmatrilocaland matrifocal societies.

A few people consider any non- patriarchal system to be matriarchal, thus including genderally equalitarian systems Peggy Reeves Sanday favors redefining and reintroducing the word Governmehtespecially in reference to Rile matrilineal societies such as the Minangkabau [1]but most academics exclude them from matriarchies strictly defined. In 19th-century Western scholarship, the hypothesis of matriarchy representing an early, mainly prehistoric, stage of human development gained popularity. Possibilities of so-called primitive societies were cited and the hypothesis survived into the 20th century, including in Role Of Government In Society context of second-wave feminism.

This hypothesis was criticized by some authors such as Cynthia Eller in The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory who blamed Marija Gimbutas and remains as a largely unsolved question to this day. Some older myths describe matriarchies. According to the Oxford English Dictionary OEDmatriarchy is a "form of social organization in which the mother or oldest female is the Role Of Government In Society of the family, and descent and relationship are reckoned through the female line; government or Soiety by a woman or women. Haviland, matriarchy is "rule by women". Kuzner inA. Radcliffe-Brown argued in that the definitions of matriarchy and patriarchy had "logical and empirical failings Most academics exclude egalitarian nonpatriarchal systems from matriarchies more strictly defined.

The word matriarchy, for a society politically led by females, especially mothers, who also control property, is often interpreted to mean the genderal opposite of patriarchy, but it is not an opposite. According to Adler, "a number of feminists note that few definitions of the word Role Of Government In Society, despite its literal meaning, include any concept of power, and they suggest that centuries of oppression have made it impossible for women to conceive of themselves with such power. Matriarchy has often been presented as negative, in contrast to patriarchy Gofernment natural and inevitable for society, thus that matriarchy is hopeless.

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Love and Shanklin wrote:. When we hear the word "matriarchy", we are conditioned to a number Soociety responses: that matriarchy refers to the past and that matriarchies have never existed; that matriarchy is a hopeless fantasy of female domination, of mothers dominating children, of women being cruel to men. Conditioning us negatively to matriarchy is, Rkle course, in the interests of patriarchs. We are made to feel that Role Of Government In Society is natural; we are less likely to question it, and less likely to direct our energies to ending it. Matriarchy is also the public formation in which the woman occupies the ruling position in a family. Terms with similar etymology are also used in various social sciences and humanities to describe matriarchal or matriological aspects of social, cultural and political processes. In their works, Johann Jakob Bachofen and Lewis Morgan used such terms and expressions as mother-rightfemale rulegyneocracyand female authority.

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All these terms meant the same: the rule by females mother or wife. A matriarchy is also sometimes called a gynarchya gynocracya gynecocracyor a gynocentric society, although these terms do not definitionally emphasize motherhood. Cultural anthropologist Jules de Leeuwe argued that some societies were "mainly gynecocratic " [31] others being "mainly androcratic ". Gynecocracy, gynaecocracy, gynocracy, gyneocracy, and gynarchy generally mean 'government here women over women and men'. While these words all share that principal meaning, they differ a little in their additional meanings, so that gynecocracy also means 'women's social supremacy', [36] gynaecocracy also means 'government by one woman', 'female dominance', and, derogatorily, 'petticoat government', [37] and gynocracy also Roke 'women as the ruling class'.

Some question whether a queen ruling without a king is sufficient to constitute female government, given the amount of participation of other men in most such governments. One view Role Of Government In Society that it is Role Of Government In Society. Some matriarchies have been described by historian Helen Diner as "a strong gynocracy" [44] and "women monopolizing government" [45] and she described matriarchal Amazons as "an extreme, feminist wing" [46] [e] of humanity Socidty that North African women "ruled the country politically," [44] and, according to Adler, Diner "envision[ed] a dominance matriarchy".

Role of Government in Society

Gynocentrism is the 'dominant or exclusive focus on women', is opposed to androcentrismand "invert[s] Some people who Role Of Government In Society evidence for the existence of a matriarchy often mixed matriarchy with anthropological terms and concepts describing specific arrangements in the field of family relationships and the organization of family life, such as matrilineality and matrilocality.

These terms refer to intergenerational relationships as matriarchy maybut do not distinguish between males and females insofar as they apply to specific arrangements for sons as well Governmeht daughters from the perspective of their relatives on their mother's side. Accordingly, these concepts do not represent matriarchy as 'power of women over men'. Anthropologists have begun to use the term matrifocality.]