Effects Of Self Congruity And Multifactorial Gender - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Effects Of Self Congruity And Multifactorial Gender Video

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Effects Of Self Congruity And Multifactorial Gender - was

In psychology , impulsivity or impulsiveness is a tendency to act on a whim , displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought , reflection, or consideration of the consequences. Impulsivity is both a facet of personality and a major component of various disorders, including ADHD , [7] substance use disorders , [8] [9] bipolar disorder , [10] antisocial personality disorder , [11] and borderline personality disorder. Many actions contain both impulsive and compulsive features, but impulsivity and compulsivity are functionally distinct. Impulsivity and compulsivity are interrelated in that each exhibits a tendency to act prematurely or without considered thought and often include negative outcomes. Impulsivity is a common feature of the conditions of gambling and alcohol addiction. Research has shown that individuals with either of these addictions discount delayed money at higher rates than those without, and that the presence of gambling and alcohol abuse lead to additive effects on discounting. For many years it was understood that impulsivity is a trait but with further analysis it can be found that there were five traits that can lead to impulsive actions: positive urgency, negative urgency, sensation seeking , lack of planning, and lack of perseverance.

Effects Of Self Congruity And Multifactorial Gender - are not

The Milgram experiment s on obedience to authority figures was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram. They measured the willingness of study participants, men from a diverse range of occupations with varying levels of education, to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience. Participants were led to believe that they were assisting an unrelated experiment, in which they had to administer electric shocks to a "learner". These fake electric shocks gradually increased to levels that would have been fatal had they been real. The experiment found, unexpectedly, that a very high proportion of subjects would fully obey the instructions, albeit reluctantly. Milgram first described his research in a article in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology [1] and later discussed his findings in greater depth in his book, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. Milgram devised his psychological study to explain the psychology of genocide and answer the popular contemporary question: "Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices? The subject and the actor arrived at the session together. Effects Of Self Congruity And Multifactorial Gender.

Femininity also called womanliness or girlishness is a Effectss of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Although femininity is socially constructed, [1] research indicates that some behaviors considered feminine are biologically influenced. Traits traditionally cited as feminine here gentlenessempathyhumilityand sensitivity[7] [8] [9] though traits associated with femininity vary across societies and individuals, [10] and are influenced by a variety of social and cultural factors.

Despite the terms femininity and masculinity being in common usage, there is little scientific agreement about what femininity and masculinity are.

Tara Williams has suggested that modern notions of femininity in English speaking society began during the English medieval period at the time of the bubonic plague in the s. Prudence Allen has traced how the concept of "woman" changed during this period. InFrench intellectual Simone de Beauvoir wrote that "no biological, psychological or economic fate determines the figure that the human female presents in society" and "one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman," [19] an idea that was picked up in by Canadian-American sociologist Erving Goffman [20] and in by American philosopher Judith Butler[21] who theorized that gender is not fixed or inherent but is rather a socially defined set of practices and traits that have, over time, grown to become labelled as feminine or masculine.

Scientific efforts to measure femininity and masculinity were pioneered by Lewis Terman and Effects Of Self Congruity And Multifactorial Gender Cox Miles in the s.

Their M—F scale was adopted by other researchers and psychologists. These models posited that femininity and masculinity were innate and enduring qualities, not easily measured, opposite to one another, and that imbalances between them led to mental disorders. Alongside the women's movement of the s, researchers began to move away from the M—F model, developing an interest in androgyny.

Using such tests, researchers found that the two dimensions varied independently of one another, casting doubt on the earlier view of femininity and masculinity as opposing qualities [24]. Second-wave feministsinfluenced by de Beauvoir, believed that although biological differences between females and males were innate, the concepts of femininity and masculinity had been culturally constructed, with traits such as passivity and tenderness assigned to women and aggression and intelligence assigned to men.

Traits such as nurturance, sensitivity, sweetness, [14] supportiveness, [10] [7] gentleness, [7] [8] warmth, [10] [8] passivity, cooperativeness, expressiveness, [24] modesty, humility, empathy, [7] affection, tenderness, [10] and being emotional, kind, helpful, devoted, and understanding [8] have been cited as stereotypically feminine.

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The defining characteristics of femininity vary between and even within societies. The Effrcts between feminine socialization and heterosexual relationships has been studied by scholars, as femininity is related to women's and girls' sexual appeal to men. Scholars have debated the extent to which gender identity and gender-specific behaviors are due to socialization versus biological factors.]